The Natives on Private Estates Ordinance, 1928 was a colonial ordinance passed by the Legislative Council of the Nyasaland Protectorate (now Malawi). The body was composed mainly of senior colonial officials, with a minority of nominated members, to represent European residents. The ordinance regulated the conditions under which land could be farmed by African tenants on estates owned by European settlers within that protectorate. The legislation corrected some of the worst abuses of the system of thangata under which tenants were required to work for the estate owner in lieu of paying rent.
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| - Ordonnance sur les autochtones des domaines privés (fr)
- Natives on Private Estates Ordinance 1928 (en)
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| - L'ordonnance sur les autochtones des domaines privés (en anglais : Natives on Private Estates Ordinance), de 1928, est une ordonnance locale mise en place par le (en) du protectorat du Nyassaland (actuel Malawi). Elle définit les conditions dans lesquelles les Africains résidents (les « locataires ») peuvent cultiver les terres des domaines fonciers possédés par les colons européens. Cette législation vise à corriger les pires abus engendrés par le système du thangata, qui oblige les locataires à travailler afin de payer leurs loyers et taxes. (fr)
- The Natives on Private Estates Ordinance, 1928 was a colonial ordinance passed by the Legislative Council of the Nyasaland Protectorate (now Malawi). The body was composed mainly of senior colonial officials, with a minority of nominated members, to represent European residents. The ordinance regulated the conditions under which land could be farmed by African tenants on estates owned by European settlers within that protectorate. The legislation corrected some of the worst abuses of the system of thangata under which tenants were required to work for the estate owner in lieu of paying rent. (en)
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| - The Natives on Private Estates Ordinance, 1928 was a colonial ordinance passed by the Legislative Council of the Nyasaland Protectorate (now Malawi). The body was composed mainly of senior colonial officials, with a minority of nominated members, to represent European residents. The ordinance regulated the conditions under which land could be farmed by African tenants on estates owned by European settlers within that protectorate. The legislation corrected some of the worst abuses of the system of thangata under which tenants were required to work for the estate owner in lieu of paying rent. However, the ordinance failed in its intention of encouraging these tenants to increase the production of crops on the undeveloped land within those estates because of the worldwide 1930s Great Depression. Tensions between estate owners and tenants continued in the 1940s and the early 1950s over evictions and the tenants’ desire to market their produce freely. The legislation was modified in 1952 to meet some of these problems. It was only After the colonial government's purchase of estate lands to resettle former tenants after 1952 and the final abolition of thangata by the Africans on Private Estates Ordinance, 1962, which was passed shortly before independence, that an African peasantry was created with free access to farmland. (en)
- L'ordonnance sur les autochtones des domaines privés (en anglais : Natives on Private Estates Ordinance), de 1928, est une ordonnance locale mise en place par le (en) du protectorat du Nyassaland (actuel Malawi). Elle définit les conditions dans lesquelles les Africains résidents (les « locataires ») peuvent cultiver les terres des domaines fonciers possédés par les colons européens. Cette législation vise à corriger les pires abus engendrés par le système du thangata, qui oblige les locataires à travailler afin de payer leurs loyers et taxes. Elle échoue cependant à encourager ces locataires à développer la production des terres laissées en friche, à cause de la Grande Dépression des années 1930. Les tensions entre les propriétaires et les résidents perdurent dans les années 1940 et au début des années 1950, au sujet des expulsions et du désir des locataires de commercialiser librement leurs récoltes. La loi est modifiée en 1952 pour répondre à certains de ces problèmes, mais seuls l'achat de terres par le gouvernement colonial, aux fins de réinstaller d'anciens locataires, après 1952, puis l'abolition définitive du thangata en 1962, peu avant l'indépendance, permettent la création d'une paysannerie africaine ayant libre accès aux terres cultivables. (fr)
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