An Internet water army (simplified Chinese: 网络水军; traditional Chinese: 網絡水軍; pinyin: Wǎngluò shuǐjūn) is a group of users who are paid to post online comments with vested interest on Chinese language websites. Internet water armies started in the early 2010s. They post news, comments, gossip and disinformation on online platforms like Weibo, WeChat and Taobao, China's eBay-like platform. In this astroturfing technique for public relations and media manipulation, online Chinese companies employ people to post on social media to change public opinion. It has been developed into an industry in which a company specializing in internet water armies can earn 7.6 million yuan within three months and has made over 2500 transactions. The private Internet water army operations parallel the official
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| - Internet water army (en)
- 網絡打手 (zh)
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| - An Internet water army (simplified Chinese: 网络水军; traditional Chinese: 網絡水軍; pinyin: Wǎngluò shuǐjūn) is a group of users who are paid to post online comments with vested interest on Chinese language websites. Internet water armies started in the early 2010s. They post news, comments, gossip and disinformation on online platforms like Weibo, WeChat and Taobao, China's eBay-like platform. In this astroturfing technique for public relations and media manipulation, online Chinese companies employ people to post on social media to change public opinion. It has been developed into an industry in which a company specializing in internet water armies can earn 7.6 million yuan within three months and has made over 2500 transactions. The private Internet water army operations parallel the official (en)
- 網絡打手，或稱論壇寫手、网络水军（簡稱網軍）、网络枪手、网托等（在中国大陆称为“水军”，在香港稱為「槍手」，而在台灣叫做「代筆」、網紅政治、政治小編），是指在商業或其他領域中为了利益而在互联网上发表倾向性评论和为雇主摇旗呐喊的全职或兼职人员，主要是利用大眾慣用的溝通方法，在各討論區、論壇、視頻網站等地方，以聊天的方式為個人或公司作出宣傳或攻擊，通过其文章或評論来试图达到影响网络舆论、引导网络舆论和制造网络舆论的目的，主要為發商業廣告或攻擊商業對手。在中国大陆，这类职业一般和网络舆情分析师、网监、网络警察有一定程度的关联。最常見的行為，是使用相同的語法，並利用不同的帳號作出多次性留言，通常在風格上可以看到是出自同一夥人的手筆。而比較優勝的論壇寫手，則要同時扮演不同角色，相對來說難度也十分高，故此其本身需要十分熟悉當地之溝通文化。 (zh)
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| - An Internet water army (simplified Chinese: 网络水军; traditional Chinese: 網絡水軍; pinyin: Wǎngluò shuǐjūn) is a group of users who are paid to post online comments with vested interest on Chinese language websites. Internet water armies started in the early 2010s. They post news, comments, gossip and disinformation on online platforms like Weibo, WeChat and Taobao, China's eBay-like platform. In this astroturfing technique for public relations and media manipulation, online Chinese companies employ people to post on social media to change public opinion. It has been developed into an industry in which a company specializing in internet water armies can earn 7.6 million yuan within three months and has made over 2500 transactions. The private Internet water army operations parallel the official 50 Cent Party internet commentators hired by the government of the People's Republic of China or the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to spread propaganda. The most prominent group is Li Yi Bar. (en)
- 網絡打手，或稱論壇寫手、网络水军（簡稱網軍）、网络枪手、网托等（在中国大陆称为“水军”，在香港稱為「槍手」，而在台灣叫做「代筆」、網紅政治、政治小編），是指在商業或其他領域中为了利益而在互联网上发表倾向性评论和为雇主摇旗呐喊的全职或兼职人员，主要是利用大眾慣用的溝通方法，在各討論區、論壇、視頻網站等地方，以聊天的方式為個人或公司作出宣傳或攻擊，通过其文章或評論来试图达到影响网络舆论、引导网络舆论和制造网络舆论的目的，主要為發商業廣告或攻擊商業對手。在中国大陆，这类职业一般和网络舆情分析师、网监、网络警察有一定程度的关联。最常見的行為，是使用相同的語法，並利用不同的帳號作出多次性留言，通常在風格上可以看到是出自同一夥人的手筆。而比較優勝的論壇寫手，則要同時扮演不同角色，相對來說難度也十分高，故此其本身需要十分熟悉當地之溝通文化。 以商業產品為例，由於各大網站的討論區為求公正客觀，均不會站在生意經營者的利益立場上，所以一般都要求發表者標明贊助商，甚至完全不允許論壇寫手的參與，故此與電話促銷cold-call服務「call centre」及群發短訊／電郵（垃圾郵件）服務一樣，水軍業者只能低調地作業。而因為所需具備的條件並不多，一些學生或失業人士也可以開展其網上寫手的生意。論壇寫手一般的工作，除了以不同身份大量發表宣傳文章之外，有些是偷偷是在論壇內張貼偽裝成個人使用體驗的文章，有時會代客戶解答訪客之問題，惡劣一點的甚至是為了攻擊對方的聲譽。而一些討論區，則嚴厲訂明灌水文章的細節及字眼，以防範網站受到來自於寫手的多餘瀏覽量，一經發現是論壇寫手的帳號，就會被馬上封禁。 (zh)
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