Glavkosmos (Russian: Главкосмос) is a subsidiary of the Russian State Space Corporation Roscosmos. On 26 February 1985, the Ministry of General Machine Building of the USSR issued an order that formed the Main Department for the creation and use of space technology for the national economy and scientific research – Glavkosmos of the USSR.
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| - Glavkosmos (en)
- グラブコスモス (ja)
- Главкосмос (ru)
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| - グラブコスモス(ロシア語: Главкосмос、Glavcosmos) は1985年に (MOM) の下に設立されたソビエト連邦の宇宙事業に関する機関。ゴルバチョフ書記長によってAlexander Dunayevが初代長官に任命された。元はソビエトの宇宙活動を統括して以前よりも商業目的に対応しやすくする目的で設立された。 当時、ソビエトではソビエトのシステムの商業的利用や外国の宇宙飛行士をソビエトの宇宙船への搭乗を含む外国との共同活動に積極的だった。ソビエト連邦の崩壊後、ロシア連邦宇宙局が設立され、軍用技術の民需転換とロシアの宇宙技術の商業化が実施された。 (ja)
- Акционерное общество «Главко́смос» — дочернее предприятие госкорпорации «Роскосмос», осуществляющее внешнеэкономическую деятельность в области ракетно-космической техники, участвующее в организации и проведении НИОКР, в том числе по созданию космической техники. Главной задачей компании является продвижение достижений российской космонавтики на мировые рынки и управление сложными космическими проектами. (ru)
- Glavkosmos (Russian: Главкосмос) is a subsidiary of the Russian State Space Corporation Roscosmos. On 26 February 1985, the Ministry of General Machine Building of the USSR issued an order that formed the Main Department for the creation and use of space technology for the national economy and scientific research – Glavkosmos of the USSR. (en)
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| - Glavkosmos (Russian: Главкосмос) is a subsidiary of the Russian State Space Corporation Roscosmos. On 26 February 1985, the Ministry of General Machine Building of the USSR issued an order that formed the Main Department for the creation and use of space technology for the national economy and scientific research – Glavkosmos of the USSR. Although it was originally envisioned to command all Soviet space activities it worked more as a marketing and coordinating body than an executive agency. The United States imposed sanctions on the company in May 1992, after it agreed in January 1991 to transfer technology for the production of KVD-1 cryogenic rocket engines to the Indian Space Research Organisation. In Soviet times, Glavkosmos was the prime authority for implementing co-operative agreements with foreign bodies, with activities including commercial utilisation of Soviet systems and flying foreign cosmonauts aboard Soviet spacecraft. After the breakup of the Soviet Union and the creation of the Russian Federal Space Agency it is concerned with converting military technology to civil applications and commercialisation of Russian space technology. Nearing the dawn of the Soviet Union Glavkosmos started offering commercial services for global customers, aimed primarily at competing with the US launchers. The first commercial offering was presented at the Space Commerce '88 trade show in Montreux, Switzerland. Most notably it featured the sales of the following launchers: Energia, with a payload of up to 100t to Low Earth orbit (LEO); Proton with a payload of up to 20t to LEO or 2t to GEO for 25 - $30 million (1988) (equivalent to $68.74 million in 2021); Tsyklon-3 for payloads up to 4t to LEO; a family of Soyuz rockets in the configurations for LEO, geostationary transfer and Molniya orbits as well as the Vostok launchers for 12 - $18 million (1988) (equivalent to $41.24 million in 2021). Glavkosmos also featured Kosmos rockets with the successfully completed launches of Indian Aryabhata and Bhaskara satellites. Other offerings included the sales of the satellites or the use of space on the Foton satellites and Mir space station. During the conference several contracts were signed, including down payments for three satellite launches for undisclosed customers, an option for a launch of the Aussat-2 on Proton, contract with Payload Systems Inc. for the experiments in protein crystallization on Mir and Kayser-Threde for microgravity experiments on the Foton satellites in 1989, 1990 and 1991. Today the key objectives of Glavkosmos are the promotion of the Russian space industry to the world markets and management of complex international space projects. One of the key international projects of Glavkosmos is a joint Russian-European program Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre, where Glavkosmos is the main contract integrator for all the Russian rocket and space industry entities involved. Glavkosmos is in charge of coordination with the French company Arianespace at all phases: Arianespace is responsible for launch operations and operates the Ariane 5, Vega and Soyuz launch sites at the Guiana Space Centre. (en)
- グラブコスモス(ロシア語: Главкосмос、Glavcosmos) は1985年に (MOM) の下に設立されたソビエト連邦の宇宙事業に関する機関。ゴルバチョフ書記長によってAlexander Dunayevが初代長官に任命された。元はソビエトの宇宙活動を統括して以前よりも商業目的に対応しやすくする目的で設立された。 当時、ソビエトではソビエトのシステムの商業的利用や外国の宇宙飛行士をソビエトの宇宙船への搭乗を含む外国との共同活動に積極的だった。ソビエト連邦の崩壊後、ロシア連邦宇宙局が設立され、軍用技術の民需転換とロシアの宇宙技術の商業化が実施された。 (ja)
- Акционерное общество «Главко́смос» — дочернее предприятие госкорпорации «Роскосмос», осуществляющее внешнеэкономическую деятельность в области ракетно-космической техники, участвующее в организации и проведении НИОКР, в том числе по созданию космической техники. Главной задачей компании является продвижение достижений российской космонавтики на мировые рынки и управление сложными космическими проектами. (ru)
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