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Error catastrophe refers to the cumulative loss of genetic information in a lineage of organisms due to high mutation rates. The mutation rate above which error catastrophe occurs is called the error threshold. Both terms were coined by Manfred Eigen in his mathematical evolutionary theory of the quasispecies. There was an earlier use of the term introduced in 1963 by Leslie Orgel in a theory for cellular aging, in which errors in the translation of proteins involved in protein translation would amplify the errors until the cell was inviable. This theory has not received empirical support.

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  • كارثة خطأ (ar)
  • Error catastrophe (en)
  • Mutabilité catastrophique (fr)
  • 오류파국 (ko)
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  • يشير مصطلح كارثة الخطأ إلى انقراض متعضية (غالبًا في سياق الميكروبات ومنها الفيروسات) وذلك نتيجة للتغير الهائل في الحمض الريبي النووي. وكارثية الخطأ هو شيء يتوقع بالنماذج الرياضية ويلاحظ تجريبيًا. الفيروسات مثلها مثل أي كائن حي يخطئ (أو يتحول) أثناء الاستنساخ. وتزيد الطفرات الناتجة من التنوع الحيوي بين الجمهرة وتساعد على تقويض قدرة الجهاز المناعي للشخص المضيف على التعرف عليه عند إصابته بالعدوى لاحقًا. وكلما كثرت الطفرات أثناء الاستنساخ، زادت فرصة عدم تعرف الجهاز المناعي على الفيروس وكلما زاد تنوع الجمهرة (انظر المقال الذي يتناول موضوع التنوع البيولوجي لمزيد من التفاصيل حول المزايا الانتقائية لهذا التنوع). إلا أنه إذا نجح الفيروس في طفرات كثيرة جدًا، قد يتعرض لفقد بعض من ملامحه البيولوجية التي تطورت بالإيجاب، بما في ذلك قدرتها على القيام بأي عملية تكاثر. (ar)
  • 오류파국(誤謬破局,영어: error catastrophe)은 임계값을 넘는 높은 돌연변이율이 있을 때 유전정보가 소실되는 현상이다. 레슬리 오겔(Leslie Orgel)은 1963년에 노화에 대한 설명을 위해 단백질 번역 과정의 오류가 노화를 유발한다는 의미로 이 용어를 사용하였고, 현재의 의미로는 만프레트 아이겐이 도입하였다. (ko)
  • Error catastrophe refers to the cumulative loss of genetic information in a lineage of organisms due to high mutation rates. The mutation rate above which error catastrophe occurs is called the error threshold. Both terms were coined by Manfred Eigen in his mathematical evolutionary theory of the quasispecies. There was an earlier use of the term introduced in 1963 by Leslie Orgel in a theory for cellular aging, in which errors in the translation of proteins involved in protein translation would amplify the errors until the cell was inviable. This theory has not received empirical support. (en)
  • La mutabilité catastrophique (en anglais : error catastrophe, ou « catastrophe d'erreurs ») est un facteur conduisant une population à l'extinction (souvent dans le contexte de micro-organismes tels que les virus) à la suite d'un taux de mutations excessif. La mutabilité catastrophique est prédite par les modèles mathématiques et a été observée empiriquement. La question qui se pose alors est : « combien de mutations peuvent être autorisées d'une réplication à l'autre avant que la population de virus ne commence à perdre son identité ? » (fr)
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  • يشير مصطلح كارثة الخطأ إلى انقراض متعضية (غالبًا في سياق الميكروبات ومنها الفيروسات) وذلك نتيجة للتغير الهائل في الحمض الريبي النووي. وكارثية الخطأ هو شيء يتوقع بالنماذج الرياضية ويلاحظ تجريبيًا. الفيروسات مثلها مثل أي كائن حي يخطئ (أو يتحول) أثناء الاستنساخ. وتزيد الطفرات الناتجة من التنوع الحيوي بين الجمهرة وتساعد على تقويض قدرة الجهاز المناعي للشخص المضيف على التعرف عليه عند إصابته بالعدوى لاحقًا. وكلما كثرت الطفرات أثناء الاستنساخ، زادت فرصة عدم تعرف الجهاز المناعي على الفيروس وكلما زاد تنوع الجمهرة (انظر المقال الذي يتناول موضوع التنوع البيولوجي لمزيد من التفاصيل حول المزايا الانتقائية لهذا التنوع). إلا أنه إذا نجح الفيروس في طفرات كثيرة جدًا، قد يتعرض لفقد بعض من ملامحه البيولوجية التي تطورت بالإيجاب، بما في ذلك قدرتها على القيام بأي عملية تكاثر. (ar)
  • Error catastrophe refers to the cumulative loss of genetic information in a lineage of organisms due to high mutation rates. The mutation rate above which error catastrophe occurs is called the error threshold. Both terms were coined by Manfred Eigen in his mathematical evolutionary theory of the quasispecies. The term is most widely used to refer to mutation accumulation to the point of inviability of the organism or virus, where it cannot produce enough viable offspring to maintain a population. This use of Eigen's term was adopted by Lawrence Loeb and colleagues to describe the strategy of lethal mutagenesis to cure HIV by using mutagenic ribonucleoside analogs. There was an earlier use of the term introduced in 1963 by Leslie Orgel in a theory for cellular aging, in which errors in the translation of proteins involved in protein translation would amplify the errors until the cell was inviable. This theory has not received empirical support. Error catastrophe is predicted in certain mathematical models of evolution and has also been observed empirically. Like every organism, viruses 'make mistakes' (or mutate) during replication. The resulting mutations increase biodiversity among the population and help subvert the ability of a host's immune system to recognise it in a subsequent infection. The more mutations the virus makes during replication, the more likely it is to avoid recognition by the immune system and the more diverse its population will be (see the article on biodiversity for an explanation of the selective advantages of this). However, if it makes too many mutations, it may lose some of its biological features which have evolved to its advantage, including its ability to reproduce at all. The question arises: how many mutations can be made during each replication before the population of viruses begins to lose self-identity? (en)
  • La mutabilité catastrophique (en anglais : error catastrophe, ou « catastrophe d'erreurs ») est un facteur conduisant une population à l'extinction (souvent dans le contexte de micro-organismes tels que les virus) à la suite d'un taux de mutations excessif. La mutabilité catastrophique est prédite par les modèles mathématiques et a été observée empiriquement. Comme tout organisme, les virus « font des erreurs » (ou mutent ) quand ils se répliquent. Les mutations qui en résultent augmentent la biodiversité au sein de la population, et lors d'une infection ultérieure, diminuent la capacité du système immunitaire d'un hôte à reconnaître le virus. Plus le virus favorise les mutations lors de la réplication, plus sa population sera diversifiée, et moins il est susceptible d'être reconnu par le système immunitaire (voir l'article sur la biodiversité pour une explication des avantages sélectifs de celle-ci). Cependant, s'il autorise trop de mutations, il risque de dégénérer au point de perdre certaines de ses caractéristiques biologiques qui ont évolué à son avantage, ne serait-ce que sa capacité à se reproduire, ou à contrer certaines mesures défensives de son hôte. La question qui se pose alors est : « combien de mutations peuvent être autorisées d'une réplication à l'autre avant que la population de virus ne commence à perdre son identité ? » (fr)
  • 오류파국(誤謬破局,영어: error catastrophe)은 임계값을 넘는 높은 돌연변이율이 있을 때 유전정보가 소실되는 현상이다. 레슬리 오겔(Leslie Orgel)은 1963년에 노화에 대한 설명을 위해 단백질 번역 과정의 오류가 노화를 유발한다는 의미로 이 용어를 사용하였고, 현재의 의미로는 만프레트 아이겐이 도입하였다. (ko)
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