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A company store is a retail store selling a limited range of food, clothing and daily necessities to employees of a company. It is typical of a company town in a remote area where virtually everyone is employed by one firm, such as a coal mine. In a company town, the housing is owned by the company but there may be independent stores there or nearby. A company store may also refer to a company's , in which fans of a company or brand may purchase clothing and collectibles related to that brand. Regarding this reputation, economic historian Price V. Fishback wrote:

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  • Tienda de raya (es)
  • Company store (en)
  • Ekonomatu (eu)
  • 売勘場 (ja)
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  • Ekonomatua enpresa edo beste erakunde bateko langileentzat soilik den biltegi edo denda bat, produktuak merkeago eskaintzen dituena. XIX eta XX. mendeetako industrializazio garaian ugaldu ziren bereziki, enpresaburuek eta estatu-erakundeek sustaturik. (eu)
  • A company store is a retail store selling a limited range of food, clothing and daily necessities to employees of a company. It is typical of a company town in a remote area where virtually everyone is employed by one firm, such as a coal mine. In a company town, the housing is owned by the company but there may be independent stores there or nearby. A company store may also refer to a company's , in which fans of a company or brand may purchase clothing and collectibles related to that brand. Regarding this reputation, economic historian Price V. Fishback wrote: (en)
  • La tienda de raya era un establecimiento de crédito para el abasto básico, ubicada junto a las fábricas o haciendas y donde los obreros o campesinos eran obligados a realizar sus compras. En México se conocieron como tiendas de raya, pues la gran mayoría de los trabajadores eran analfabetos y en el libro de registro de pago de nómina ponían una raya en lugar de su firma.Las tiendas de raya en México, que no se diferenciaban de las de sus similares en otros países como Estados Unidos, Inglaterra o Francia, tuvieron auge a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX durante el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz, quien dio amplias concesiones a empresarios y hacendados, nacionales y extranjeros, para explotar los recursos naturales. (es)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Canned_goods_in_a_U.S._Coal_and_Coke_company_store_in_Gary,_West_Virginia_-_NARA_-_540841.jpg
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  • A company store is a retail store selling a limited range of food, clothing and daily necessities to employees of a company. It is typical of a company town in a remote area where virtually everyone is employed by one firm, such as a coal mine. In a company town, the housing is owned by the company but there may be independent stores there or nearby. A company store may also refer to a company's , in which fans of a company or brand may purchase clothing and collectibles related to that brand. Employee-only company stores often accept scrip or non-cash vouchers issued by the company in advance of periodic cash paychecks, and gives credit to employees before payday. Except in very remote areas, company stores in mining towns became scarcer after the miners bought automobiles and could travel to a range of stores. Even so, the stores could survive because they provided convenience and easy credit. Company stores served numerous additional functions, as well, such as a locus for the government post office, and as the cultural and community center where people could freely gather. Company stores were monopolistic institutions, funneling workers' incomes back to the owners of the company. This is because company stores often faced little or no competition for workers' earnings on account of their geographical remoteness, the inability and/or unwillingness of other nearby merchants (if any existed) to accept company scrip, or both. Prices, therefore, were typically high. Allowing purchases on credit enforced a kind of debt slavery, obligating employees to remain with the company until the debt was cleared. Regarding this reputation, economic historian Price V. Fishback wrote: The company store is one of the most reviled and misunderstood of economic institutions. In song, folktale, and union rhetoric the company store was often cast as a villain, a collector of souls through perpetual debt peonage. Nicknames, like the "pluck me" and more obscene versions that cannot appear in a family newspaper, seem to point to exploitation. The attitudes carry over into the scholarly literature, which emphasizes that the company store was a monopoly. (The songs Fishback mentions include the popular song "Sixteen Tons", which contains such lines as "Saint Peter, don't you call me, 'cuz I can't go. I owe my soul to the company store.") Company stores existed elsewhere than the United States, in particular in the early 1900s in Mexico, where textile workers at the largest cotton mill were paid in scrip. In a 1907 labor strike, workers attacked and looted the Río Blanco, Veracruz textile company's store. The workers were gunned down by the Mexican military, but in the aftermath of the violence, more retail outlets were opened in Rio Blanco. Possibly the first company store in the world was in Hawaii. William Hooper started Hawaiiʻs first sugar plantation in 1835 at Koloa, on the island of Kauai. He hired 23 Hawaiian locals and paid them in a cardboard scrip, notated in various amounts. The scrip could only be exchanged for merchandise at his store. (Pau Hana- Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii- 1835-1920- by Ronald Takaki, Univ of Hawaii Press, 1983, pg 7) (en)
  • Ekonomatua enpresa edo beste erakunde bateko langileentzat soilik den biltegi edo denda bat, produktuak merkeago eskaintzen dituena. XIX eta XX. mendeetako industrializazio garaian ugaldu ziren bereziki, enpresaburuek eta estatu-erakundeek sustaturik. (eu)
  • La tienda de raya era un establecimiento de crédito para el abasto básico, ubicada junto a las fábricas o haciendas y donde los obreros o campesinos eran obligados a realizar sus compras. En México se conocieron como tiendas de raya, pues la gran mayoría de los trabajadores eran analfabetos y en el libro de registro de pago de nómina ponían una raya en lugar de su firma.Las tiendas de raya en México, que no se diferenciaban de las de sus similares en otros países como Estados Unidos, Inglaterra o Francia, tuvieron auge a finales del siglo XIX y principios del XX durante el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz, quien dio amplias concesiones a empresarios y hacendados, nacionales y extranjeros, para explotar los recursos naturales. En México, al igual que en otras partes del mundo, las tiendas de raya eran propiedad de los patrones y ahí expendían comestibles, aguardiente, ropa y calzado de mediana calidad. El pago a los trabajadores se hacía mediante vales o fichas ("monedas" acuñadas por la fábrica o hacienda) que sólo se podían canjear en la tienda de raya del patrón, quien recuperaba todo el dinero erogado en pagar los sueldos ya que por lo general revendía los productos a un precio más alto. Cuando al trabajador, que recibía salarios muy bajos por exhaustivas jornadas, no le alcanzaba para pagar los productos que permitieran su subsistencia y la de su familia, se veía obligado a comprar a crédito con un alto interés y así adquiría una deuda que, si en vida no la pagaba, era heredada a su descendencia o a otros familiares, dando lugar a la servidumbre por deudas. El trabajador no podía cambiarse de hacienda o fábrica sin antes saldar la deuda y si llegaba a escapar era perseguido por la policía para llevarlo de regreso. Otro abuso frecuente de los patrones era causado por el analfabetismo de los trabajadores, que eran engañados al momento del pago de salarios y el cobro de deudas. Desde las primeras insurrecciones obreras y campesinas de la revolución promovida por el Partido Liberal Mexicano, el saqueo y la destrucción de la tienda de raya era obligatorio. Cuando el levantamiento armado se generaliza en la Revolución mexicana de 1910 el odio acumulado tras años de explotación se dirigía, principalmente, a las tiendas de raya y sus administradores.En 1915, por orden de Venustiano Carranza se eliminaron de todo el país. (es)
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