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Between 780–1180, the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid & Fatimid caliphates in the regions of Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Anatolia and Southern Italy fought a series of wars for supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean. After a period of indecisive and slow border warfare, a string of almost unbroken Byzantine victories in the late 10th and early 11th centuries allowed three Byzantine Emperors, namely Nikephoros II Phokas, John I Tzimiskes and finally Basil II to recapture territory lost to the Muslim conquests in the 7th century Arab–Byzantine wars under the failing Heraclian Dynasty.

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  • الحروب البيزنطية العربية (780-1180) (ar)
  • Byzantine–Arab wars (780–1180) (en)
  • Guerras árabo-bizantinas (780-1180) (es)
  • Guerre arabo-bizantine (780-1180) (it)
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  • خاضت الإمبراطورية البيزنطية والدولتان العباسية والفاطمية سلسلة من المعارك في العراق وفلسطين وسوريا والأناضول وجنوب إيطاليا للهيمنة على شرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط. بعد فترة من المعارك الحدودية غير الحاسمة والبطيئة، سمحت سلسلة انتصارات بيزنطية متتالية في أواخر القرن العاشر وأوائل القرن الحادي عشر لثلاثة أباطرة بيزنطيين، وهم: نقفور الثاني فوكاس، ويوحنا زيمسكي، وباسيل الثاني، باستعادة الأراضي المفقودة في الحروب العربية البيزنطية في القرن السابع عندما كانت الإمبراطورية البيزنطية تحت حكم السلالة الهرقلية. (ar)
  • Between 780–1180, the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid & Fatimid caliphates in the regions of Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Anatolia and Southern Italy fought a series of wars for supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean. After a period of indecisive and slow border warfare, a string of almost unbroken Byzantine victories in the late 10th and early 11th centuries allowed three Byzantine Emperors, namely Nikephoros II Phokas, John I Tzimiskes and finally Basil II to recapture territory lost to the Muslim conquests in the 7th century Arab–Byzantine wars under the failing Heraclian Dynasty. (en)
  • Entre 780 y 1180, el Imperio bizantino y los califatos abasí y fatimí en las regiones de Irak, Palestina, Siria, Anatolia y el sur de Italia lucharon una serie de guerras por la supremacía en el Mediterráneo oriental. Después de un período de indecisa y lenta guerra fronteriza, una serie de casi ininterrumpidas victorias bizantinas a finales del siglo X y principios del XI permitieron a tres emperadores bizantinos, a saber, Nicéforo II, Juan I Tzimisces y finalmente Basilio II, recuperar el territorio perdido por las conquistas musulmanas en las guerras árabe-bizantinas del siglo VII bajo la fallida dinastía heracliana.​ (es)
  • Le guerre bizantino-arabe del 780-1180 furono una serie di conflitti durati circa quattro secoli tra l'Impero bizantino e i califfati Abbasidi e Fatimidi nelle regioni di Iraq, Palestina, Siria e Anatolia circa 780 – 1180. Dopo un periodo di guerre ai confini lente e non decisive, una serie di vittorie Bizantine nel tardo X e all'inizio dell'XI secolo permisero a tre imperatori Bizantini, Niceforo II Foca, Giovanni I Tzimiskes e Basilio II di riconquistare parte dei territori perduti nel corso delle guerre contro gli Arabi del VII secolo sotto la declinante Dinastia Eracliana. (it)
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  • Byzantine–Arab Wars (780–1180) (en)
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  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arab_campaigns_in_Sicily2.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Byzantine-Arab_Wars._Emphasis_on_the_East.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Byzantine-Arab_Wars_(867_-_1045).png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Byzantine-Arab_Wars_in_southern_Italy.png
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Map_Crusader_states_1135-en.svg
  • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nikiphoros_Phokas.jpg
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