Alejo de Esparza (c. 1638-1700s) was a Basque soldier and merchant, who served as commander of the Fort of Buenos Aires and colonizer of the city in the 17th century. He was founder of the Esparza family in the Río de la Plata, whose paternal branch was extinguished in the eighteenth century, His sons, and Miguel Gerónimo de Esparza were distinguished members of government during the Viceroyalty of Peru.