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Adakites are volcanic rocks of intermediate to felsic composition that have geochemical characteristics of magma originally thought to have formed by partial melting of altered basalt that is subducted below volcanic arcs. Most magmas derived in subduction zones come from the mantle above the subducting plate when hydrous fluids are released from minerals that break down in the metamorphosed basalt, rise into the mantle, and initiate partial melting. However, Defant and Drummond recognized that when young oceanic crust (less than 25 million years old) is subducted, adakites are typically produced in the arc. They postulated that when young oceanic crust is subducted it is "warmer" (closer to the mid-ocean ridge where it formed) than crust that is typically subducted. The warmer crust enabl

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  • Adakit (de)
  • Adakite (en)
  • Adakita (es)
  • Adakit (in)
  • Adakite (fr)
  • 아닥카이트 (ko)
  • Adakiet (nl)
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  • Adakiet is een type basalt, een vulkanisch gesteente dat vooral voorkomt in oceanische korst. Adakiet heeft een relatief hoge concentratie magnesium. Bij zeer hoge concentraies magnesium wordt het gesteente magnesiumandesiet genoemd. (nl)
  • Adakites are volcanic rocks of intermediate to felsic composition that have geochemical characteristics of magma originally thought to have formed by partial melting of altered basalt that is subducted below volcanic arcs. Most magmas derived in subduction zones come from the mantle above the subducting plate when hydrous fluids are released from minerals that break down in the metamorphosed basalt, rise into the mantle, and initiate partial melting. However, Defant and Drummond recognized that when young oceanic crust (less than 25 million years old) is subducted, adakites are typically produced in the arc. They postulated that when young oceanic crust is subducted it is "warmer" (closer to the mid-ocean ridge where it formed) than crust that is typically subducted. The warmer crust enabl (en)
  • Adakit ist ein magmatisches Gestein, das bei der teilweisen Aufschmelzung subduzierter ozeanischer Kruste entsteht. Die meisten Gesteine, die mit diesem Begriff in Verbindung gebracht werden, können ebenso mit den allgemeineren Begriffen Dazit oder Andesit bezeichnet werden. (de)
  • Adakita refiere a una serie rocas ígneas, volcánicas o plutonicas, comúnmente encontradas en arcos volcánicos y que se caracterizan por tener entre otras cosas proporciones altas de Sr/Y y La/Yb.​ Las adakitas no se distinguen en el campo si no que solo a través de su química.​ Las adakitas son ricas en sílice aunque también hay adakitas andesiticas.​ El nombre adakita proviene de la isla Adak en Alaska.​ (es)
  • Les adakites sont une série de roches volcaniques, intermédiaires à acides, sodiques, de composition équivalente à une série évoluant d'un pole andésite à un pole dacite (série calco-alcaline). Elles sont nommées d'après les occurrences sur l'île d'Adak dans l'arc insulaire des Aléoutiennes. Au Japon, elles sont localement appelées sanukites ou setouchites du nom des localités où elles ont été décrites. Cette roche possède deux typologies correspondant à deux contextes géodynamiques : (fr)
  • Adakit adalah batuan vulkanik menengah hingga felsik yang memiliki karakteristik geokimia dari magma yang diperkirakan telah dibentuk oleh lelehan parsial dari basal terubah yang mensubduksi ke bagian bawah busur vulkanik. Sebagian besar magma yang berasal dari zona subduksi datang dari mantel yang berada di atas lempeng subduksi ketika cairan hidraulis dilepaskan dari mineral-mineral yang memecah di basal termetamorfosis, yang naik ke dalam mantel, dan memulai lelehan parsial. Namun, Defant dan Drummond menemukan bahwa ketika kerak samudra muda (kurang dari 25 juta tahun) tersubduksi, adakit biasanya diproduksi di dalam busur vulkanik tersebut. Mereka memperkirakan bahwa ketika kerak muda samudra tersubduksi, kerak menjadi lebih "hangat" (lebih dekat dengan pegunungan dasar laut di mana i (in)
  • 아닥카이트(adakite)는 해양지각현무암의 섭입 슬랩이 용융되어 형성된 화산암 혹은 관입 화성암의 암석학적 명칭이다. 아닥카이드의 이름은 알류산 도호에 있는 에서 유래되었다. 아닥카이트는 특히 화학적으로 Sr/Y, La/Yb가 높고 Y와 Yb가 낮은 유형의 암석이다. 아닥카이트를 만든 과정에는 논란이 있는데, 저 마그네슘 아다카이트는 섭입 현무암의 순수한 부분 용융으로 만들어지고, 반면 고 마그네슘 아닥카이트, 혹은 고 마그네슘 안산암은 용융체가 위에 놓인 맨틀 쐐기의 감람암(peridotite)과 혼염된 것으로 알려져 있다. 아닥카이트와 사누키토이드가 틀린점은 사누키토이드는 상부로 관입할 때 섭입대의 맨틀 왯지로부터 유래된 용융체와 동화되어 Mg, Ni, Cr 함량이 증가한다. 어떤 아닥카이트는 도호의 두꺼운 지각 뿌리가 용융되어 만들어지기도 한다. 여기서는 맨틀 왯지 성분으로 동화되지 않기 때문에 사누키토이드는 만들어지지 않는다. (ko)
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  • Adakit ist ein magmatisches Gestein, das bei der teilweisen Aufschmelzung subduzierter ozeanischer Kruste entsteht. Die meisten Gesteine, die mit diesem Begriff in Verbindung gebracht werden, können ebenso mit den allgemeineren Begriffen Dazit oder Andesit bezeichnet werden. Das erste Mal wurde der Begriff Adakit 1990 verwendet, um intermediäre magmatische Gesteine auf der Insel Adak (Teil des Inselbogens der Aleuten) zu beschreiben, die durch relativ hohe Strontium- sowie geringe Yttrium- und Ytterbium-Gehalte gekennzeichnet sind. Später entstanden passend zu den Merkmalen dieser Gesteine Entstehungsmodelle, die eine teilweise Aufschmelzung subduzierter ozeanischer Kruste postulierten. Damit gehörten sie nicht zu dem auf Inselbögen üblichen Kalk-Alkali-Magmatismus, der durch eine Zufuhr von Fluiden im Oberen Mantel entsteht. (de)
  • Adakites are volcanic rocks of intermediate to felsic composition that have geochemical characteristics of magma originally thought to have formed by partial melting of altered basalt that is subducted below volcanic arcs. Most magmas derived in subduction zones come from the mantle above the subducting plate when hydrous fluids are released from minerals that break down in the metamorphosed basalt, rise into the mantle, and initiate partial melting. However, Defant and Drummond recognized that when young oceanic crust (less than 25 million years old) is subducted, adakites are typically produced in the arc. They postulated that when young oceanic crust is subducted it is "warmer" (closer to the mid-ocean ridge where it formed) than crust that is typically subducted. The warmer crust enables melting of the metamorphosed subducted basalt rather than the mantle above. Experimental work by several researchers has verified the geochemical characteristics of "slab melts" and the contention that melts can form from young and therefore warmer crust in subduction zones. The geochemical characteristics Defant and Drummond gave for adakites are: * SiO2 greater than 56 wt % * Al2O3 greater than or equal to 15 wt % * MgO normally less than 3 wt % * Sr greater than 400 ppm * Y less than 18 ppm * Yb less than 1.9 ppm * 87Sr/86Sr usually less than 0.7045 Later Defant and Kepezhinskas reviewed the topic in some detail pointing out that adakites are found associated with many mineral deposits including gold and copper. Drummond and Defant noted that Archean trondhjemites (which make up most of the ancient crust of continents) have similar geochemical characteristics to adakites. They suggested that the entire Archean crust may have been derived from the partial melting of subducted oceanic crust during the Archean (> 2.5 billion years ago) because during early earth the temperature of the mantle was much hotter and more oceanic crust was generated and subducted younger. The proposal has been controversial and is still being argued among the scientific community. The alternative interpretation is that the continental crust was derived from the partial melting of lower crustal basalts. The same idea has also been postulated for the generation of adakites. However, this hypothesis does not explain the correlation between subducted young crust and adakite eruptions nor the fact that the lower Yb and Y in adakites suggest that garnet is stable in the source. Garnet forms only under high pressures within the earth and would not be stable in lower crust below some island arcs that erupt adakites. See Martin et al. for a more recent summary. Low magnesium adakites may be representative of relatively pure partial melting of a subducting basalt, whereas high-magnesium adakite or high-magnesium andesites may represent melt contamination with the peridotites of the overlying mantle wedge. Adakites have also been reported from the continent-continent collision zone beneath Tibet and Lesser Caucasus. (en)
  • Adakita refiere a una serie rocas ígneas, volcánicas o plutonicas, comúnmente encontradas en arcos volcánicos y que se caracterizan por tener entre otras cosas proporciones altas de Sr/Y y La/Yb.​ Las adakitas no se distinguen en el campo si no que solo a través de su química.​ Las adakitas son ricas en sílice aunque también hay adakitas andesiticas.​ El concepto original de adakita propuesto por Defant y Drummond a principio de los 90's explicaba que las adakitas originaban de la fusión de basalto subducido.​ Esta idea hoy en día se ha puesto en entredicho y se han propuesto otros orígenes para las adakitas como fusión parcial de la corteza continental inferior, cristalización fraccionada de basalto a alta presión, cristalización fraccionada de basalto con anfíbol a presiones bajas o fusión de basalto subducido, como propuesto originalmente, pero con reequilibración con peridotita en la cuña del manto.​ El nombre adakita proviene de la isla Adak en Alaska.​ (es)
  • Les adakites sont une série de roches volcaniques, intermédiaires à acides, sodiques, de composition équivalente à une série évoluant d'un pole andésite à un pole dacite (série calco-alcaline). Elles sont nommées d'après les occurrences sur l'île d'Adak dans l'arc insulaire des Aléoutiennes. Au Japon, elles sont localement appelées sanukites ou setouchites du nom des localités où elles ont été décrites. Cette roche possède deux typologies correspondant à deux contextes géodynamiques : * pour les types type LSA (pauvre en silice) : d'une fusion en contexte de subduction d'une croute océanique basaltique subductée (sans apport mantelique majeur). Le mécanisme invoqué est une fusion-déshydratation de l'amphibole lorsque de l'eau est libéré par réaction métamorphique dans la croute océanique subductée qui entre dans le faciès haute pression à éclogite ; * pour les types HSA (riche en silice) : de la fusion partielle de TTG. Les adakites sont chimiquement proches des TTG très fréquentes à l'Archéen, leur occurrence moderne est rare par rapport à l'Archéen, cela correspondrait à recréer localement les conditions de formation généralisées à l'Archéen. Les adakites se caractérisent géochimiquement. Elles se différencient de la série calco-alcaline classique par un enrichissement relatif en Ca, Al et Mg et surtout une faible teneur en K avec un rapport (K2O) / (Na2O) bas qui caractérise chimiquement les adakites dans la série BADR : (fr)
  • Adakit adalah batuan vulkanik menengah hingga felsik yang memiliki karakteristik geokimia dari magma yang diperkirakan telah dibentuk oleh lelehan parsial dari basal terubah yang mensubduksi ke bagian bawah busur vulkanik. Sebagian besar magma yang berasal dari zona subduksi datang dari mantel yang berada di atas lempeng subduksi ketika cairan hidraulis dilepaskan dari mineral-mineral yang memecah di basal termetamorfosis, yang naik ke dalam mantel, dan memulai lelehan parsial. Namun, Defant dan Drummond menemukan bahwa ketika kerak samudra muda (kurang dari 25 juta tahun) tersubduksi, adakit biasanya diproduksi di dalam busur vulkanik tersebut. Mereka memperkirakan bahwa ketika kerak muda samudra tersubduksi, kerak menjadi lebih "hangat" (lebih dekat dengan pegunungan dasar laut di mana ia terbentuk) dibanding kerak lain yang biasanya tersubduksi. Kerak yang lebih hangat ini memungkinkan basal termetamorfisme yang mensubduksi meleleh dan bukan mantel diatasnya. karya eksperimental oleh beberapa peneliti mengenai karakteristik geokimia dari "slab yang mencair" telah diverifikasi dan dianggap bahwa lelehan dapat terbentuk dari kerak muda dan karenanya hangat di zona subduksi. Karakteristik yang Defant dan Drummond berikan untuk adakit adalah: * SiO2 > 56 wt % * Al2O3 >= 15 wt % * MgO < 3 wt % * Sr > 400 ppm * Y <18 ppm * Yb < 1.9 ppm * 87Sr/86Sr biasanya < 0.7045 * Hanya terbentuk pada subduksi kerak muda (in)
  • 아닥카이트(adakite)는 해양지각현무암의 섭입 슬랩이 용융되어 형성된 화산암 혹은 관입 화성암의 암석학적 명칭이다. 아닥카이드의 이름은 알류산 도호에 있는 에서 유래되었다. 아닥카이트는 특히 화학적으로 Sr/Y, La/Yb가 높고 Y와 Yb가 낮은 유형의 암석이다. 아닥카이트를 만든 과정에는 논란이 있는데, 저 마그네슘 아다카이트는 섭입 현무암의 순수한 부분 용융으로 만들어지고, 반면 고 마그네슘 아닥카이트, 혹은 고 마그네슘 안산암은 용융체가 위에 놓인 맨틀 쐐기의 감람암(peridotite)과 혼염된 것으로 알려져 있다. 아닥카이트는 주성분, 희유원소 성분이 사누키토이드(sanukitoid)와 유사하다. 두 암체는 석류석-휘석(에클로자이트) 혹은 석류석-각섬석 조합으로 변성된 고철질 화성암 의 용융에 의해 형성되었다. 확장 중심(spreading center) 근처에 남은 젊은 해양 지각의 섭입이 이것이 용융되는 가장 흔한 환경인데, 여기서 뜨거운 해양지각이 섭입되고 변성될 때 용융점 근처에서 보다 높은 온도 환경이 생기면 용융이 이루어진다. 이들 용융체는 초기에는 낮은 용융율 때문에 용융체 내 실리카 함량비가 높고, 용융이 진행될수록 실리카 비율이 감소한다. 에클로자이트 혹은 석류석-각섬석 슬랩으로부터 유래된 용융체는 Sr이 매우 부화하고(잔류체에는 사장석이 없다) HREE와 Y가 결핍되어(잔류체에 상당한 석류석이 있다) 있다. 그래서 높은 Sr, 낮은 Y, 높은 LREE/HREE 비가 특징적이다. 아닥카이트와 사누키토이드가 틀린점은 사누키토이드는 상부로 관입할 때 섭입대의 맨틀 왯지로부터 유래된 용융체와 동화되어 Mg, Ni, Cr 함량이 증가한다. 어떤 아닥카이트는 도호의 두꺼운 지각 뿌리가 용융되어 만들어지기도 한다. 여기서는 맨틀 왯지 성분으로 동화되지 않기 때문에 사누키토이드는 만들어지지 않는다. 아닥카이트와 사누키토이드는 또한 라 불리는 고-마그네슘 안산암과는 다른 것이다. 는 주성분 함량은 아닥카이트, 사누키토이드와 비슷하나, 상대적으로 높은 실리카 함량에도 불구하고 불호정성 희유원소 (예; LREE)가 매우 결핍되어 있다. (ko)
  • Adakiet is een type basalt, een vulkanisch gesteente dat vooral voorkomt in oceanische korst. Adakiet heeft een relatief hoge concentratie magnesium. Bij zeer hoge concentraies magnesium wordt het gesteente magnesiumandesiet genoemd. (nl)
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