The 1930 Meuse Valley fog between December 1st and December 5th, killed 63 people in Belgium owing to a combination of industrial air pollution and a localized weather inversion. The River Meuse flows from France through Belgium and the Netherlands before entering the North Sea. The area in the Meuse Valley where the incident occurred, between the cities of Huy and Liege and centered around the town of Engis, was densely populated and had 27 factories. These factories produced zinc, steel, fertilizer, and explosives, amongst many other products. This was added to by large numbers of coal and wood heaters burning due to unseasonably cold weather. There were several thousand cases of illness over the week and the sixty three deaths occurred at the same time, with the first death occurring on
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| - 1930 Meuse Valley fog (en)
- Brouillards toxiques dans la vallée de la Meuse (décembre 1930) (fr)
- 뫼즈 계곡 안개 (ko)
- Dodelijke mist in de Maasvallei (nl)
- 马斯河谷事件 (zh)
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| - 1930년 뫼즈 계곡 안개는 공업 대기 오염과 환경 조건의 결합으로 발생해 생긴 벨기에 의 스모그이다. 이 스모그로 총 60명이 사망했다. 프랑스에서 시작하는 뫼즈 강은 벨기에와 네덜란드를 거쳐 북해로 흘러간다. 사건이 발생한 뫼즈 계곡 지역은 밀도가 높은 공장 지대이자 인구 밀도가 높은 지역이었다. 2~3일 동안 발생한 짙은 스모그로 인해 60명이 사망하고 수천명이 입원하였다. 사망자 중 56명은 동부 지역에서 발생했다. 환자들의 주요 증상은 호흡곤란이었으며, 사망자들의 평균 연령은 62세로 20세에서 89세 사이의 나이 범위에 발생했다. 이 지역의 가축들도 영향을 받았다. 2000년 12월 2일 엥기스 지역에는 스모그 사망자들을 위한 추모비가 건설되었다. (ko)
- 马斯河谷事件（也称马斯河谷烟雾事件或1930年马斯河谷烟雾事件），是指1930年12月1日—12月5日发生在比利时马斯河谷工业区的大气污染事件。马斯河谷地区大量工业排放的二氧化硫、氢氟酸等有害气体和粉尘导致的导致的。该事件最终导致60余人死亡。马斯河谷事件被认为是20世纪最早被记录的空气污染事件。 (zh)
- The 1930 Meuse Valley fog between December 1st and December 5th, killed 63 people in Belgium owing to a combination of industrial air pollution and a localized weather inversion. The River Meuse flows from France through Belgium and the Netherlands before entering the North Sea. The area in the Meuse Valley where the incident occurred, between the cities of Huy and Liege and centered around the town of Engis, was densely populated and had 27 factories. These factories produced zinc, steel, fertilizer, and explosives, amongst many other products. This was added to by large numbers of coal and wood heaters burning due to unseasonably cold weather. There were several thousand cases of illness over the week and the sixty three deaths occurred at the same time, with the first death occurring on (en)
- Les brouillards toxiques dans la vallée de la Meuse constituent un épisode de très forte pollution atmosphérique ayant eu lieu en décembre 1930, dans la vallée de la Meuse, à proximité de Seraing (proche de Liège en Belgique). Les conséquences en furent importantes : on a relevé 60 décès (soit, pour la période de pollution, une mortalité accrue de 10,5 %, par rapport à une période normale). Plusieurs milliers de personnes ont également présenté des problèmes respiratoires graves. (fr)
- De dodelijke mist was een verschijnsel dat zich in december 1930 voordeed in de Maasvallei nabij Luik. Meer precies ontwikkelde zich bij Engis een dichte mist die zich binnen vier dagen uitstrekte van Engis naar Jemeppe-sur-Meuse. Soortgelijke verschijnselen hadden zich al voorgedaan in 1897, 1902 en 1911. De ramp van 1930 kostte 67 mensen het leven. Om de herinnering levend te houden werd bij de herdenking in 2000 in Engis een kunstwerk van onthuld. (nl)
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| - Map of Belgium showing the location of Engis. (en)
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| - The location of Engis within Belgium. (en)
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| - The 1930 Meuse Valley fog between December 1st and December 5th, killed 63 people in Belgium owing to a combination of industrial air pollution and a localized weather inversion. The River Meuse flows from France through Belgium and the Netherlands before entering the North Sea. The area in the Meuse Valley where the incident occurred, between the cities of Huy and Liege and centered around the town of Engis, was densely populated and had 27 factories. These factories produced zinc, steel, fertilizer, and explosives, amongst many other products. This was added to by large numbers of coal and wood heaters burning due to unseasonably cold weather. There were several thousand cases of illness over the week and the sixty three deaths occurred at the same time, with the first death occurring on December 3rd. Fifty-six of the deaths were to the east of Engis. The main symptom was dyspnea (shortness of breath) and the average age of those who died was 62, over a range of ages of 20 to 89 years. The youngest, a 20 year old woman named Louise Dammes, died walking home from a party and may have had undiagnosed asthma that contributed to her death. Cattle in the area were also affected. Kaj Roholm, Danish scientist and the world's leading authority on fluorine, determined that it was the fluorine gas from the nearby factories that was the killer. The exact date of this disaster is unknown.A statue and plaque commemorating those who died were inaugurated in Engis on 2 December 2000. Due to a similar(albeit less severe) incident that occurred in a nearby valley in 1911, killing off many cattle. As such, many farmers in the Meuse Valley fled to the hillside during the first two days of the smog, reducing livestock casualties and likely saving the lives of several farmers as well. (en)
- Les brouillards toxiques dans la vallée de la Meuse constituent un épisode de très forte pollution atmosphérique ayant eu lieu en décembre 1930, dans la vallée de la Meuse, à proximité de Seraing (proche de Liège en Belgique). Cette pollution, d'origine industrielle (importantes usines sidérurgiques locales), a eu pour cause de très mauvaises conditions de dispersion atmosphérique (brouillards intenses, couche d'inversion de température basse et épaisse), associées à de fortes émissions de SO2, de particules en suspension et d'aérosols divers. C'est donc un phénomène extrême de pollution acido-particulaire. Les conséquences en furent importantes : on a relevé 60 décès (soit, pour la période de pollution, une mortalité accrue de 10,5 %, par rapport à une période normale). Plusieurs milliers de personnes ont également présenté des problèmes respiratoires graves. (fr)
- De dodelijke mist was een verschijnsel dat zich in december 1930 voordeed in de Maasvallei nabij Luik. Meer precies ontwikkelde zich bij Engis een dichte mist die zich binnen vier dagen uitstrekte van Engis naar Jemeppe-sur-Meuse. Soortgelijke verschijnselen hadden zich al voorgedaan in 1897, 1902 en 1911. De ramp van 1930 kostte 67 mensen het leven. Door de Belgische regering werd aanvankelijk als verklaring gegeven dat er hier sprake was van koude mist, geruchten negerend dat het hier zou gaan om ontsnapte oorlogsgassen, die Duitse troepen tijdens hun terugtrekking aan het einde van de Eerste Wereldoorlog op Belgisch grondgebied zouden hebben begraven. De Belgische koningin Elisabeth was meteen na de ramp ter plaatse en eiste een grondiger onderzoek. Het onderzoek werd geleid door de Luikse patholoog . Zijn onderzoekscommissie bestond uit artsen, meteorologen, toxicologen en scheikundigen. In 1931 kwam men tot de conclusie dat de ramp veroorzaakt was door een massale uitstoot van fijn stof als gevolg van de verbranding van sterk zwavelhoudend steenkool door de plaatselijke industrie. Feitelijk was dit de eerste wetenschappelijke beschrijving van het verschijnsel smog. Later onderzoek heeft aannemelijk gemaakt dat de dood van de slachtoffers was veroorzaakt door acute fluorvergiftiging, afkomstig van fabrieken in de buurt. Om de herinnering levend te houden werd bij de herdenking in 2000 in Engis een kunstwerk van onthuld. (nl)
- 1930년 뫼즈 계곡 안개는 공업 대기 오염과 환경 조건의 결합으로 발생해 생긴 벨기에 의 스모그이다. 이 스모그로 총 60명이 사망했다. 프랑스에서 시작하는 뫼즈 강은 벨기에와 네덜란드를 거쳐 북해로 흘러간다. 사건이 발생한 뫼즈 계곡 지역은 밀도가 높은 공장 지대이자 인구 밀도가 높은 지역이었다. 2~3일 동안 발생한 짙은 스모그로 인해 60명이 사망하고 수천명이 입원하였다. 사망자 중 56명은 동부 지역에서 발생했다. 환자들의 주요 증상은 호흡곤란이었으며, 사망자들의 평균 연령은 62세로 20세에서 89세 사이의 나이 범위에 발생했다. 이 지역의 가축들도 영향을 받았다. 2000년 12월 2일 엥기스 지역에는 스모그 사망자들을 위한 추모비가 건설되었다. (ko)
- 马斯河谷事件（也称马斯河谷烟雾事件或1930年马斯河谷烟雾事件），是指1930年12月1日—12月5日发生在比利时马斯河谷工业区的大气污染事件。马斯河谷地区大量工业排放的二氧化硫、氢氟酸等有害气体和粉尘导致的导致的。该事件最终导致60余人死亡。马斯河谷事件被认为是20世纪最早被记录的空气污染事件。 (zh)
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