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Spongiophyton was a thallose fossil of the early to mid-Devonian, which is notoriously difficult to classify. Spongiophyton displayed dichotomous branching, and a flattened/elliptical cross section with a thick (20–80 μm) upper cuticular surface. It is also perforated with pores resembling those of some liverworts. It probably grew on the banks of rivers. Spongiophyton has been mistakenly interpreted as tree resin and lycopod cuticle, and was later identified as the cuticle of a thalloid plant. It has most recently been interpreted on morphological and isotopic grounds as a lichen—which would place it with Winfrenatia among the earliest known representatives of this group.

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  • Spongiophyton (de)
  • Spongiophyton (en)
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  • Spongiophyton ist ein Fossil aus dem Devon, das von verschiedensten Fundorten weltweit bekannt ist. Es wurde als koloniebildendes Tier, als Alge, Gefäßpflanze und als Moos interpretiert. Die Exemplare sind rund 2,5 cm lang und bestehen aus verzweigten Achsen mit abgerundeten Enden. Eine Seite des Thallus trägt kreisrunde Poren von 200 bis 300 Mikrometer Durchmesser. Diese werden mit den Poren moderner Lebermoose wie verglichen. Sie könnten dem Gasaustausch gedient haben und stellen möglicherweise ein Übergangsstadium in der Evolution von Spaltöffnungen dar. Ihr Vorhandensein führte auch zur Interpretation, dass Spongiophyton in einer trockenen Umwelt wuchs. Dies wird auch durch das Vorhandensein einer Cuticula oder Cuticula-ähnlichen Oberflächenschicht gestützt, die den Thallus bedeckt. A (de)
  • Spongiophyton was a thallose fossil of the early to mid-Devonian, which is notoriously difficult to classify. Spongiophyton displayed dichotomous branching, and a flattened/elliptical cross section with a thick (20–80 μm) upper cuticular surface. It is also perforated with pores resembling those of some liverworts. It probably grew on the banks of rivers. Spongiophyton has been mistakenly interpreted as tree resin and lycopod cuticle, and was later identified as the cuticle of a thalloid plant. It has most recently been interpreted on morphological and isotopic grounds as a lichen—which would place it with Winfrenatia among the earliest known representatives of this group. (en)
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  • Kräusel (en)
subdivision
  • * †S. articulatum (Kräusel ) * †S. hirsutum (Kräusel ) * †S. lenticulare ( Kräusel ) * †S. minutissimum (Kräusel ) * †S. nanum (Kräusel ) (en)
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  • Spongiophyton (en)
type species
  • †Spongiophyton lenticulare (en)
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  • Kräusel (en)
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  • Spongiophyton ist ein Fossil aus dem Devon, das von verschiedensten Fundorten weltweit bekannt ist. Es wurde als koloniebildendes Tier, als Alge, Gefäßpflanze und als Moos interpretiert. Die Exemplare sind rund 2,5 cm lang und bestehen aus verzweigten Achsen mit abgerundeten Enden. Eine Seite des Thallus trägt kreisrunde Poren von 200 bis 300 Mikrometer Durchmesser. Diese werden mit den Poren moderner Lebermoose wie verglichen. Sie könnten dem Gasaustausch gedient haben und stellen möglicherweise ein Übergangsstadium in der Evolution von Spaltöffnungen dar. Ihr Vorhandensein führte auch zur Interpretation, dass Spongiophyton in einer trockenen Umwelt wuchs. Dies wird auch durch das Vorhandensein einer Cuticula oder Cuticula-ähnlichen Oberflächenschicht gestützt, die den Thallus bedeckt. An der Seite mit den Poren ist diese Schicht dreimal so dick wie auf der anderen Seite ohne Poren. Weder innere Gewebe noch Fortpflanzungsorgane sind bekannt. (de)
  • Spongiophyton was a thallose fossil of the early to mid-Devonian, which is notoriously difficult to classify. Spongiophyton displayed dichotomous branching, and a flattened/elliptical cross section with a thick (20–80 μm) upper cuticular surface. It is also perforated with pores resembling those of some liverworts. It probably grew on the banks of rivers. Spongiophyton has been mistakenly interpreted as tree resin and lycopod cuticle, and was later identified as the cuticle of a thalloid plant. It has most recently been interpreted on morphological and isotopic grounds as a lichen—which would place it with Winfrenatia among the earliest known representatives of this group. The significance of the isotopic data has, however, been called into question. Jahren et al. argued that mosses and liverworts had a δ13C signature of under −26‰, and lichens were exclusively > −26‰. But in deducing this they relied solely on their own data, neglecting to include published datasets or bryophytes from a wide range of habitats. They also failed to take into account any adjustment necessary to overcome post-burial alteration of the δ13C, or to compensate for the different isotopic composition of the early Devonian atmosphere. Repeating Jahren's experiments with these factors taken into account shows that most major groups' δ13C values overlap significantly, and do not provide a statistically significant case for the inclusion of Spongiophyton in any group. (en)
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