In membrane biology, fusion is the process by which two initially distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic cores, resulting in one interconnected structure. If this fusion proceeds completely through both leaflets of both bilayers, an aqueous bridge is formed and the internal contents of the two structures can mix. Alternatively, if only one leaflet from each bilayer is involved in the fusion process, the bilayers are said to be hemifused. In hemifusion, the lipid constituents of the outer leaflet of the two bilayers can mix, but the inner leaflets remain distinct. The aqueous contents enclosed by each bilayer also remain separated.
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| - Membranfusion (de)
- Fusione dei bilayer lipidici (it)
- Lipid bilayer fusion (en)
- Fuzja błon (pl)
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| - Die Membranfusion (Neurophysiologie) bezeichnet einen biochemischen Vorgang in neuronalen Zellen, bei dem die synaptischen Vesikel, welche für die Erregungsweiterleitung mit Neurotransmittern gefüllt sind, über Exocytose an der präsynaptischen Membran abgeschnürt und die Transmittermoleküle (z. B. Acetylcholin, γ-Aminobuttersäure) in den synaptischen Spalt freigesetzt werden, von wo aus sie anschließend das Signal an die nachgeschaltete Zielzelle (z. B. Drüsenzellen, Muskelzellen, Nervenzellen) weiterleiten. (de)
- Fuzja błon – zlanie się warstw lipidowych dwóch błon z wytworzeniem wspólnej błony, której cząsteczki ulegają wymieszaniu zachowując jednak budowę dwuwarstwową. Fuzja może zachodzić między błonami komórkowymi dwóch komórek i wtedy powstaje jedna odpowiednio większa komórka, która zawiera cytoplazmę obu sfuzowanych komórek i dwa jądra. W warunkach naturalnych fuzja najczęściej zachodzi między błonami struktur cytoplazmatycznych oraz między nimi a błoną komórkową. (pl)
- In membrane biology, fusion is the process by which two initially distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic cores, resulting in one interconnected structure. If this fusion proceeds completely through both leaflets of both bilayers, an aqueous bridge is formed and the internal contents of the two structures can mix. Alternatively, if only one leaflet from each bilayer is involved in the fusion process, the bilayers are said to be hemifused. In hemifusion, the lipid constituents of the outer leaflet of the two bilayers can mix, but the inner leaflets remain distinct. The aqueous contents enclosed by each bilayer also remain separated. (en)
- Nella biologia della membrana, la fusione dei bilayer lipidici è quel processo mediante il quale due bilayer lipidici inizialmente distinti uniscono i loro nuclei idrofibici formando una nuova struttura interconnessa. (it)
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| - Die Membranfusion (Neurophysiologie) bezeichnet einen biochemischen Vorgang in neuronalen Zellen, bei dem die synaptischen Vesikel, welche für die Erregungsweiterleitung mit Neurotransmittern gefüllt sind, über Exocytose an der präsynaptischen Membran abgeschnürt und die Transmittermoleküle (z. B. Acetylcholin, γ-Aminobuttersäure) in den synaptischen Spalt freigesetzt werden, von wo aus sie anschließend das Signal an die nachgeschaltete Zielzelle (z. B. Drüsenzellen, Muskelzellen, Nervenzellen) weiterleiten. (de)
- In membrane biology, fusion is the process by which two initially distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic cores, resulting in one interconnected structure. If this fusion proceeds completely through both leaflets of both bilayers, an aqueous bridge is formed and the internal contents of the two structures can mix. Alternatively, if only one leaflet from each bilayer is involved in the fusion process, the bilayers are said to be hemifused. In hemifusion, the lipid constituents of the outer leaflet of the two bilayers can mix, but the inner leaflets remain distinct. The aqueous contents enclosed by each bilayer also remain separated. Fusion is involved in many cellular processes, particularly in eukaryotes since the eukaryotic cell is extensively sub-divided by lipid bilayer membranes. Exocytosis, fertilization of an egg by sperm and transport of waste products to the lysosome are a few of the many eukaryotic processes that rely on some form of fusion. Fusion is also an important mechanism for transport of lipids from their site of synthesis to the membrane where they are needed. Even the entry of pathogens can be governed by fusion, as many bilayer-coated viruses have dedicated fusion proteins to gain entry into the host cell. (en)
- Nella biologia della membrana, la fusione dei bilayer lipidici è quel processo mediante il quale due bilayer lipidici inizialmente distinti uniscono i loro nuclei idrofibici formando una nuova struttura interconnessa. Se questa fusione avviene completamente sfruttando entrambi i foglietti dei bilayer, allora si forma un unico lume e il contenuto interno delle due strutture può fondersi. In alternativa, se solo un foglietto di ogni bilayer partecipa al processo, i bilayers si dicono emifusi. Nella emifusione, i costituenti lipidici del foglietto esterno dei due bilayers possono fondersi, mentre quelli del foglietto interno rimangono distinti. Pertanto il lume e il contenuto idrofilo di ogni vescicola rimane separato. La fusione coinvolge molti processi cellulari, soprattutto negli eucarioti, dato che la cellula eucariotica è ampiamente suddivisa in compartimenti per mezzo del sistema endomembranoso. Esocitosi, fecondazione di un uovo dallo sperma, e il trasporto di prodotti di scarto ai lisosomi sono giusto alcuni dei molteplici processi cellulari degli eucarioti che sfruttano qualche evento di fusione. La fusione è un meccanismo importante per il trasporto dei lipidi dal loro sito di sintesi verso la membrana bersaglio dove sono richiesti. Anche durante la contaminazione di una cellula da parte del patogeno può essere fondamentale il processo di fusione; ad esempio molti virus rivestiti da bilayers posseggono proteine di fusione specifiche per poter entrare nelle cellule ospite. (it)
- Fuzja błon – zlanie się warstw lipidowych dwóch błon z wytworzeniem wspólnej błony, której cząsteczki ulegają wymieszaniu zachowując jednak budowę dwuwarstwową. Fuzja może zachodzić między błonami komórkowymi dwóch komórek i wtedy powstaje jedna odpowiednio większa komórka, która zawiera cytoplazmę obu sfuzowanych komórek i dwa jądra. W warunkach naturalnych fuzja najczęściej zachodzi między błonami struktur cytoplazmatycznych oraz między nimi a błoną komórkową. (pl)
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