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Inoculation theory is a social psychological/communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease–for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The theory uses medical inoculation as its explanatory analogy—applied to attitudes (or beliefs) rather than to a disease. It has great potential for building public resilience ('immunity') against misinformation and fake news, for example, in tackling science denialism, risky health behaviours, and emotionally manipulative marketing and political messaging.

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  • نظرية التحصين (ar)
  • Inokulationstheorie (de)
  • Inoculation theory (en)
  • Inoculation psychologique (fr)
  • 접종 이론 (ko)
  • Прививка установок (ru)
  • 免疫理論 (zh)
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  • تطورت نظرية التحصين على يد اختصاصي علم النفس الاجتماعي ويليام ج. ماجواير عام 1961 لتقديم مزيد من التفسير لكيفية تغيير الاتجاهات والاعتقادات والأهم من ذلك كيفية الحفاظ على ثبات الاتجاهات والاعتقادات في مواجهة محاولات الإقناع. ولا تزال دراسة نظرية التحصين مستمرة حتى يومنا هذا من قبِل الباحثين في مجالات الاتصال وعلم النفس الاجتماعي وعلم الاجتماع، كما تم تقييم النظرية في سياقات متنوعة منها السياسة (فاو وآخرون، 1990) والحملات الصحية (فاو وفان بوكيرن، 1994) والتسويق (كومبتون وفاو، 2004) وغيرها من المجالات. (ar)
  • Die Inokulationstheorie ist eine 1964 von erdachte Theorie auf dem Gebiet der Sozialpsychologie und beschreibt ein Verfahren, Einstellungen resistent gegenüber Änderungsversuchen zu machen. Die Theorie zielt auf sogenannte Truismen ab, also auf gesellschaftlich anerkannte Einstellungen. McGuire geht davon aus, dass die Einstellung gegenüber solchen Truismen besonders leicht geändert werden kann, da man aufgrund deren allgemeiner Akzeptanz weder motiviert noch geübt ist, diese zu verteidigen. (de)
  • 접종 이론(Inoculation theory)은 신체가 질병으로부터 보호될 수있는 것과 거의 같은 방식으로 (예를 들어, 더 강하고 미래의 위협의 약화된 버전에 사전 노출을 통해) 외부로부터의 설득이나 영향으로부터 자신의 태도나 신념을 보호할 수 있는 방법을 설명하는 사회 심리 / 커뮤니케이션 이론이다. 이 이론은 질병보다는 태도(또는 신념)에 적용되는 설명적 비유로 임상적 예방접종을 그 예로 사용한다. 예를 들어 과학적 부정주의, 위험한 건강 행동, 정서적으로 조작된 마케팅 및 정치적 메시지에 대처할 때 잘못된 정보와 가짜 뉴스에 대한 공공 복원력('면역', Inoculation)을 구축할 수 있는 큰 잠재력이 생겨난다고 보고있다. (ko)
  • Прививка установок (англ. Attitudes Inoculation) — это теория в психологии, предполагающая, что существуют методы, с помощью которых возможно усилить уверенность человека в собственных установках и помочь сохранять позицию при нежелательном воздействии извне. Данный приём может использоваться как стратегия защиты установок от прямых атак или постоянного давления на них. Теория лежит в основе многочисленных исследований в области социальной психологии, коммуникации, политических наук, маркетинга. (ru)
  • 免疫理論(Inoculation theory),亦稱反說服理論,由美國傳播學者提出,是事先讓人們閱讀含有攻擊其基本信仰之反面說法,及駁斥此說法的理由,從而使人們的態度不輕易改變。 (zh)
  • Inoculation theory is a social psychological/communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease–for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The theory uses medical inoculation as its explanatory analogy—applied to attitudes (or beliefs) rather than to a disease. It has great potential for building public resilience ('immunity') against misinformation and fake news, for example, in tackling science denialism, risky health behaviours, and emotionally manipulative marketing and political messaging. (en)
  • La théorie de l’inoculation psychologique, développée pour protéger les attitudes et les croyances existantes, montre comment renforcer la résistance à de futurs contrarguments inacceptables ou à des attaques persuasives. L’inoculation consiste à expliquer les contrarguments d’une opinion (la croyance) d’une personne et lui montrer en quoi le contrargument est faux (la réfutation). Par exemple, après avoir démontré à un groupe que la Terre est ronde (la croyance), on commente le mythe de la Terre plate (contrargument) et on indique comment la science a montré la quasi-sphéricité de la Terre (la réfutation). Les réfutations ou démentis présentés dans un message doivent soutenir correctement les attitudes et les croyances actuelles, mais être suffisamment intelligibles pour que le récepteur (fr)
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