An Entity of Type: WikicatArguments, from Named Graph: http://dbpedia.org, within Data Space: dbpedia.org

Inoculation theory is a social psychological/communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease–for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The theory uses medical inoculation as its explanatory analogy—applied to attitudes (or beliefs) rather than to a disease. It has great potential for building public resilience ('immunity') against misinformation and fake news, for example, in tackling science denialism, risky health behaviours, and emotionally manipulative marketing and political messaging.

Property Value
dbo:abstract
  • تطورت نظرية التحصين على يد اختصاصي علم النفس الاجتماعي ويليام ج. ماجواير عام 1961 لتقديم مزيد من التفسير لكيفية تغيير الاتجاهات والاعتقادات والأهم من ذلك كيفية الحفاظ على ثبات الاتجاهات والاعتقادات في مواجهة محاولات الإقناع. ولا تزال دراسة نظرية التحصين مستمرة حتى يومنا هذا من قبِل الباحثين في مجالات الاتصال وعلم النفس الاجتماعي وعلم الاجتماع، كما تم تقييم النظرية في سياقات متنوعة منها السياسة (فاو وآخرون، 1990) والحملات الصحية (فاو وفان بوكيرن، 1994) والتسويق (كومبتون وفاو، 2004) وغيرها من المجالات. (ar)
  • Die Inokulationstheorie ist eine 1964 von erdachte Theorie auf dem Gebiet der Sozialpsychologie und beschreibt ein Verfahren, Einstellungen resistent gegenüber Änderungsversuchen zu machen. Die Theorie zielt auf sogenannte Truismen ab, also auf gesellschaftlich anerkannte Einstellungen. McGuire geht davon aus, dass die Einstellung gegenüber solchen Truismen besonders leicht geändert werden kann, da man aufgrund deren allgemeiner Akzeptanz weder motiviert noch geübt ist, diese zu verteidigen. (de)
  • Inoculation theory is a social psychological/communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease–for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The theory uses medical inoculation as its explanatory analogy—applied to attitudes (or beliefs) rather than to a disease. It has great potential for building public resilience ('immunity') against misinformation and fake news, for example, in tackling science denialism, risky health behaviours, and emotionally manipulative marketing and political messaging. The theory was developed by social psychologist William J. McGuire in 1961 to explain how attitudes and beliefs change, and more specifically, how to keep existing attitudes and beliefs consistent in the face of attempts to change them. Inoculation theory functions as a motivational strategy to protect attitudes from change–to confer resistance to counter-attitudinal influences, whether such influences take the form of direct attacks, indirect attacks, sustained pressures, etc., from such sources as the media, advertising, interpersonal communication, peer pressure, and other temptations. The theory posits that weak counterarguments generate resistance within the receiver, enabling them to maintain their beliefs in the face of a future, stronger attack. Following exposure to weak counterarguments (e.g., counterarguments that have been paired with refutations), the receiver will then seek out supporting information to further strengthen their threatened position. The held attitude or belief becomes resistant to a stronger attack, hence the medical analogy of a vaccine. Inoculating messages can be on the same topic as the threatening message (refutational same) or on a similar topic (refutational different). The effect of the inoculating message can be amplified by making the message of vested and immediate importance to the receiver (based on Jack Brehm's psychological reactance theory). Post-inoculation talk is also important, as receivers can spread resistance to their social network, and the act of talking to others serves to strengthen their own resistance to attitude change. Therapeutic inoculation is a recent extension in which an inoculation message is presented to those without the "right" belief or attitude in place (Compton, 2020). Applied in this way, an inoculation message can both change an existing position and make that new position more resistant to future attacks. (en)
  • La théorie de l’inoculation psychologique, développée pour protéger les attitudes et les croyances existantes, montre comment renforcer la résistance à de futurs contrarguments inacceptables ou à des attaques persuasives. L’inoculation consiste à expliquer les contrarguments d’une opinion (la croyance) d’une personne et lui montrer en quoi le contrargument est faux (la réfutation). Par exemple, après avoir démontré à un groupe que la Terre est ronde (la croyance), on commente le mythe de la Terre plate (contrargument) et on indique comment la science a montré la quasi-sphéricité de la Terre (la réfutation). Les réfutations ou démentis présentés dans un message doivent soutenir correctement les attitudes et les croyances actuelles, mais être suffisamment intelligibles pour que le récepteur puisse les comprendre. Depuis plusieurs décennies, les milieux académiques étudient la théorie de l’inoculation psychologique, la testent expérimentalement. On utilise les techniques d’inoculation psychologique, développées par les chercheurs, en formation ou pour influencer l’opinion publique, par exemple. Plusieurs articles scientifiques passent en revue son application en politique, dans les (en), en marketing, en éducation et dans les (en) sur le réchauffement climatique entre autres. John A. Banas et Stephen ont publié une méta-analyse, et Josh Compton un aperçu de la théorie. Le nom de la théorie « Inoculation psychologique » fut choisi par analogie avec l’inoculation en médecine. (fr)
  • 접종 이론(Inoculation theory)은 신체가 질병으로부터 보호될 수있는 것과 거의 같은 방식으로 (예를 들어, 더 강하고 미래의 위협의 약화된 버전에 사전 노출을 통해) 외부로부터의 설득이나 영향으로부터 자신의 태도나 신념을 보호할 수 있는 방법을 설명하는 사회 심리 / 커뮤니케이션 이론이다. 이 이론은 질병보다는 태도(또는 신념)에 적용되는 설명적 비유로 임상적 예방접종을 그 예로 사용한다. 예를 들어 과학적 부정주의, 위험한 건강 행동, 정서적으로 조작된 마케팅 및 정치적 메시지에 대처할 때 잘못된 정보와 가짜 뉴스에 대한 공공 복원력('면역', Inoculation)을 구축할 수 있는 큰 잠재력이 생겨난다고 보고있다. (ko)
  • Прививка установок (англ. Attitudes Inoculation) — это теория в психологии, предполагающая, что существуют методы, с помощью которых возможно усилить уверенность человека в собственных установках и помочь сохранять позицию при нежелательном воздействии извне. Данный приём может использоваться как стратегия защиты установок от прямых атак или постоянного давления на них. Теория лежит в основе многочисленных исследований в области социальной психологии, коммуникации, политических наук, маркетинга. (ru)
  • 免疫理論(Inoculation theory),亦稱反說服理論,由美國傳播學者提出,是事先讓人們閱讀含有攻擊其基本信仰之反面說法,及駁斥此說法的理由,從而使人們的態度不輕易改變。 (zh)
dbo:thumbnail
dbo:wikiPageID
  • 18546373 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageLength
  • 68198 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
  • 1119334316 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
dcterms:subject
rdf:type
rdfs:comment
  • تطورت نظرية التحصين على يد اختصاصي علم النفس الاجتماعي ويليام ج. ماجواير عام 1961 لتقديم مزيد من التفسير لكيفية تغيير الاتجاهات والاعتقادات والأهم من ذلك كيفية الحفاظ على ثبات الاتجاهات والاعتقادات في مواجهة محاولات الإقناع. ولا تزال دراسة نظرية التحصين مستمرة حتى يومنا هذا من قبِل الباحثين في مجالات الاتصال وعلم النفس الاجتماعي وعلم الاجتماع، كما تم تقييم النظرية في سياقات متنوعة منها السياسة (فاو وآخرون، 1990) والحملات الصحية (فاو وفان بوكيرن، 1994) والتسويق (كومبتون وفاو، 2004) وغيرها من المجالات. (ar)
  • Die Inokulationstheorie ist eine 1964 von erdachte Theorie auf dem Gebiet der Sozialpsychologie und beschreibt ein Verfahren, Einstellungen resistent gegenüber Änderungsversuchen zu machen. Die Theorie zielt auf sogenannte Truismen ab, also auf gesellschaftlich anerkannte Einstellungen. McGuire geht davon aus, dass die Einstellung gegenüber solchen Truismen besonders leicht geändert werden kann, da man aufgrund deren allgemeiner Akzeptanz weder motiviert noch geübt ist, diese zu verteidigen. (de)
  • 접종 이론(Inoculation theory)은 신체가 질병으로부터 보호될 수있는 것과 거의 같은 방식으로 (예를 들어, 더 강하고 미래의 위협의 약화된 버전에 사전 노출을 통해) 외부로부터의 설득이나 영향으로부터 자신의 태도나 신념을 보호할 수 있는 방법을 설명하는 사회 심리 / 커뮤니케이션 이론이다. 이 이론은 질병보다는 태도(또는 신념)에 적용되는 설명적 비유로 임상적 예방접종을 그 예로 사용한다. 예를 들어 과학적 부정주의, 위험한 건강 행동, 정서적으로 조작된 마케팅 및 정치적 메시지에 대처할 때 잘못된 정보와 가짜 뉴스에 대한 공공 복원력('면역', Inoculation)을 구축할 수 있는 큰 잠재력이 생겨난다고 보고있다. (ko)
  • Прививка установок (англ. Attitudes Inoculation) — это теория в психологии, предполагающая, что существуют методы, с помощью которых возможно усилить уверенность человека в собственных установках и помочь сохранять позицию при нежелательном воздействии извне. Данный приём может использоваться как стратегия защиты установок от прямых атак или постоянного давления на них. Теория лежит в основе многочисленных исследований в области социальной психологии, коммуникации, политических наук, маркетинга. (ru)
  • 免疫理論(Inoculation theory),亦稱反說服理論,由美國傳播學者提出,是事先讓人們閱讀含有攻擊其基本信仰之反面說法,及駁斥此說法的理由,從而使人們的態度不輕易改變。 (zh)
  • Inoculation theory is a social psychological/communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease–for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The theory uses medical inoculation as its explanatory analogy—applied to attitudes (or beliefs) rather than to a disease. It has great potential for building public resilience ('immunity') against misinformation and fake news, for example, in tackling science denialism, risky health behaviours, and emotionally manipulative marketing and political messaging. (en)
  • La théorie de l’inoculation psychologique, développée pour protéger les attitudes et les croyances existantes, montre comment renforcer la résistance à de futurs contrarguments inacceptables ou à des attaques persuasives. L’inoculation consiste à expliquer les contrarguments d’une opinion (la croyance) d’une personne et lui montrer en quoi le contrargument est faux (la réfutation). Par exemple, après avoir démontré à un groupe que la Terre est ronde (la croyance), on commente le mythe de la Terre plate (contrargument) et on indique comment la science a montré la quasi-sphéricité de la Terre (la réfutation). Les réfutations ou démentis présentés dans un message doivent soutenir correctement les attitudes et les croyances actuelles, mais être suffisamment intelligibles pour que le récepteur (fr)
rdfs:label
  • نظرية التحصين (ar)
  • Inokulationstheorie (de)
  • Inoculation theory (en)
  • Inoculation psychologique (fr)
  • 접종 이론 (ko)
  • Прививка установок (ru)
  • 免疫理論 (zh)
owl:sameAs
prov:wasDerivedFrom
foaf:depiction
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of
is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of
is foaf:primaryTopic of
Powered by OpenLink Virtuoso    This material is Open Knowledge     W3C Semantic Web Technology     This material is Open Knowledge    Valid XHTML + RDFa
This content was extracted from Wikipedia and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License