About: Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island

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The Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, also known as the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, or "Freedman's Colony", was founded in 1863 during the Civil War after Union Major General John G. Foster, Commander of the 18th Army Corps, captured the Confederate fortifications on Roanoke Island off North Carolina in 1862. He classified the slaves living there as "contraband", following the precedent of General Benjamin Butler at Fort Monroe in 1861, and did not return them to Confederate slaveholders. In 1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation, all slaves in Union-occupied territories were freed.

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rdfs:label	Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island (en) Colonie de Freedmen de l'île Roanoke (fr)
rdfs:comment	The Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, also known as the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, or "Freedman's Colony", was founded in 1863 during the Civil War after Union Major General John G. Foster, Commander of the 18th Army Corps, captured the Confederate fortifications on Roanoke Island off North Carolina in 1862. He classified the slaves living there as "contraband", following the precedent of General Benjamin Butler at Fort Monroe in 1861, and did not return them to Confederate slaveholders. In 1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation, all slaves in Union-occupied territories were freed. (en) La colonie de Freedmen de l'île Roanoke, en anglais : Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, également appelée Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony ou Freedman's Colony, est fondée en 1863, pendant la guerre civile américaine, après que le major général de l'armée de l'Union, John Gray Foster, commandant du 18e corps d'armée, ait pris les fortifications confédérées de l'île Roanoke, au large de la Caroline du Nord, aux États-Unis, en 1862. Il classe les esclaves qui y vivent comme de la contrebande, suivant le précédent du général Benjamin Butler, au fort Monroe, en 1861, et ne les rend pas aux esclavagistes confédérés. En 1863, par la Proclamation d'émancipation, tous les esclaves des territoires occupés par l'Union sont libérés. (fr)
dcterms:subject	Social history of the American Civil War Roanoke Island 1863 establishments in North Carolina Religious organizations based in the United States African Americans in the American Civil War African-American historic places African-American history of North Carolina Populated places established by African Americans American freedmen
Wikipage page ID	29820694 (xsd:integer)
Wikipage revision ID	1092400720 (xsd:integer)
Link from a Wikipage to another Wikipage	American Missionary Association Social history of the American Civil War Missionary United States Colored Troops Roanoke Island Underground Railroad Vaccines Dysentery Indigenous peoples Ambrose E. Burnside Plantations in the American South Rush Hawkins Emancipation Proclamation Contraband (American Civil War) Andrew Johnson Antibiotic Roanoke Island 1863 establishments in North Carolina Trent River (North Carolina) Walpole, New Hampshire Abolitionism in the United States Abraham Lincoln Religious organizations based in the United States Dutch Gap Food supplement Fort Monroe Fort Raleigh National Historic Site Benjamin Butler Freedmen Powhatan Sir Walter Raleigh Smallpox Henry A. Wise James City, North Carolina James River African Americans in the American Civil War African-American historic places African-American history of North Carolina Populated places established by African Americans Cholera American freedmen John G. Foster Southern United States Dare County National Park Service New Bern, North Carolina Chaplain Worcester, Massachusetts Wrentham, Massachusetts Yale College Congregational Infectious diseases Native ethnic groups of Africa New Bern Department of North Carolina Civil War (American) Sharecroppers dbr:National_Freedman's_Relief_Association dbr:Horace_James_(Congregational_chaplain)
Link from a Wikipage to an external page	http://www.roanokefreedmenscolony.com/history.html http://www.nps.gov/fora/forkids/voyage.htm
sameAs	Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island
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has abstract	The Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, also known as the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, or "Freedman's Colony", was founded in 1863 during the Civil War after Union Major General John G. Foster, Commander of the 18th Army Corps, captured the Confederate fortifications on Roanoke Island off North Carolina in 1862. He classified the slaves living there as "contraband", following the precedent of General Benjamin Butler at Fort Monroe in 1861, and did not return them to Confederate slaveholders. In 1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation, all slaves in Union-occupied territories were freed. The island colony started as one of what were 100 contraband camps by the war's end, but it became something more. The African Americans lived as freedmen and civilians. They were joined by former slaves from the mainland, seeking refuge and freedom with the Union forces. They were paid for their work and sought education, along with their children. As commanding officer of the Department of North Carolina, in 1863 Foster appointed , a Congregational chaplain, as the "Superintendent of Negro Affairs in the North Carolina District", to supervise the contraband camps and administer to freedmen. James was based at New Bern, where he managed the Trent River contraband camp. James believed the Roanoke Island Colony was an important experiment in black freedom and a potential model for other freedmen communities. Freedmen built churches and set up the first free school for black children here; and they were soon joined by Northern missionary teachers who came to the South to help the effort. There was a core group of about six teachers, but a total of 27 teachers served at the island. As the war went on, conditions became more difficult at the crowded colony, whose residents suffered infectious diseases. In 1865 President Andrew Johnson ordered the return of all property under his "Amnesty Proclamation", and the lands cultivated and occupied by contraband camps were returned to owners. The freedmen were not given rights to their holdings in the Colony, and most left the island. Its soil had proved too poor to support many subsistence farmers. In later 1865, the US Army directed the dismantling of the three forts on the island. By 1867, the colony was abandoned, but about 300 freedmen still lived there independently in 1870. Some of their descendants live there today. (en) La colonie de Freedmen de l'île Roanoke, en anglais : Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, également appelée Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony ou Freedman's Colony, est fondée en 1863, pendant la guerre civile américaine, après que le major général de l'armée de l'Union, John Gray Foster, commandant du 18e corps d'armée, ait pris les fortifications confédérées de l'île Roanoke, au large de la Caroline du Nord, aux États-Unis, en 1862. Il classe les esclaves qui y vivent comme de la contrebande, suivant le précédent du général Benjamin Butler, au fort Monroe, en 1861, et ne les rend pas aux esclavagistes confédérés. En 1863, par la Proclamation d'émancipation, tous les esclaves des territoires occupés par l'Union sont libérés. La colonie de l'île commence comme l'un des 100 camps de contrebande, à la fin de la guerre, mais elle devient bien plus. Les Afro-Américains vivent en tant qu'hommes libres et civils. Ils sont rejoints par d'anciens esclaves du continent, cherchant refuge et liberté auprès des forces de l'Union. Ils sont payés pour leur travail et cherchent à s'instruire, ainsi que leurs enfants. En tant que commandant du département de la Caroline du Nord, Foster nomme, en 1863, Horace James, un aumônier de l'Église congrégationaliste, Superintendant des affaires noires du district de Caroline du Nord, pour superviser les camps de contrebande et administrer les libérés. James est basé à New Bern, où il dirige le camp de contrebande de la (en). James pense que la colonie de l'île Roanoke est une expérience importante pour la liberté des Noirs et un modèle potentiel pour d'autres communautés d'affranchis. Les affranchis construisent des églises et créent la première école gratuite pour les enfants noirs. Ils sont rapidement rejoints par des enseignants missionnaires du Nord qui viennent dans le Sud pour contribuer à l'effort. Il y existe un noyau d'environ six enseignants, mais au total 27 enseignants ont exercé sur l'île. Au fur et à mesure de la guerre, les conditions sont devenues plus difficiles dans cette colonie surpeuplée, dont les habitants souffrent de maladies infectieuses. En 1865, le président Andrew Johnson ordonne la restitution de tous les biens, en vertu de sa Proclamation d'amnistie, et les terres cultivées et occupées par les camps de contrebande sont rendues à leurs propriétaires. Les affranchis n'obtiennent pas de droits sur leurs propriétés, dans la colonie, et la plupart quittent l'île. Les terres de l'île se révèlent trop pauvre pour faire vivre de nombreux agriculteurs. (fr)
prov:wasDerivedFrom	wikipedia-en:Freedmen's_Colony_of_Roanoke_Island?oldid=1092400720&ns=0

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