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The European Land Mammal Mega Zones (abbreviation: ELMMZ, more commonly known as European land mammal ages or ELMA) are zones in rock layers that have a specific assemblage of fossils (biozones) based on occurrences of fossil assemblages of European land mammals. These biozones cover most of the Cenozoic, with particular focus having been paid to the Neogene and Paleogene systems (i.e. rock layers which are 65.5 to 2.588 million years old), the Quaternary has several competing systems. In cases when fossils of mammals are abundant, stratigraphers and paleontologists can use these biozones as a more practical regional alternative to the stages of the official ICS geologic timescale. European Land Mammal Mega Zones are often also confusingly referred to as ages, stages, or intervals.

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  • European land mammal age (en)
  • European land mammal age (nl)
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  • The European Land Mammal Mega Zones (abbreviation: ELMMZ, more commonly known as European land mammal ages or ELMA) are zones in rock layers that have a specific assemblage of fossils (biozones) based on occurrences of fossil assemblages of European land mammals. These biozones cover most of the Cenozoic, with particular focus having been paid to the Neogene and Paleogene systems (i.e. rock layers which are 65.5 to 2.588 million years old), the Quaternary has several competing systems. In cases when fossils of mammals are abundant, stratigraphers and paleontologists can use these biozones as a more practical regional alternative to the stages of the official ICS geologic timescale. European Land Mammal Mega Zones are often also confusingly referred to as ages, stages, or intervals. (en)
  • De European Land Mammal Ages (afgekort: ELMA) zijn een quasi-chronologische indeling van sedimentaire gesteentelagen in Europa, gebaseerd op de fossielen van op het land levende zoogdieren.De ELMA's beslaan alleen het Cenozoïcum (de laatste 66 miljoen jaar). Elke ELMA bevat een bepaald typisch assemblage van fossielen van zoogdieren. In de stratigrafie ("biostratigrafie") worden zulke indelingen etages of biozones genoemd. Daarnaast zijn ze wel als tijdsaanduiding gebruikt ("tijden", in het Engels "ages"). In veel gevallen is dit niet helemaal correct, omdat de verschijning van nieuwe soorten zoogdieren niet overal op hetzelfde moment plaatsvond. Het begin van een ELMA kan op verschillende locaties daarom een verschillende ouderdom hebben: de ELMA's zijn diachroon van aard. (nl)
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