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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Inferring_horizontal_gene_transfer
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Inferring horizontal gene transfer Infiriendo transferencia genética horizontal
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Horizontal or lateral gene transfer (HGT or LGT) is the transmission of portions of genomic DNA between organisms through a process decoupled from vertical inheritance. In the presence of HGT events, different fragments of the genome are the result of different evolutionary histories. This can therefore complicate the investigations of evolutionary relatedness of lineages and species. Also, as HGT can bring into genomes radically different genotypes from distant lineages, or even new genes bearing new functions, it is a major source of phenotypic innovation and a mechanism of niche adaptation. For example, of particular relevance to human health is the lateral transfer of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity determinants, leading to the emergence of pathogenic lineages. La transferencia genética horizontal o lateral (TGH o TGL) es la transmisión de partes de ADN genómico entre organismos a través de un proceso desacoplado de la herencia vertical. Cuando ocurren eventos TGH, diferentes fragmentos del genoma son el resultado de diferentes historias evolutivas. Esto puede, entonces, complicar las investigaciones del parentesco evolutivo de linajes y especies. También, como una TGH puede llevarle a los genomas unos genotipos radicalmente diferentes de linajes distantes o incluso nuevos genes con nuevas funciones, es una fuente importante de innovación fenotípica y un mecanismo de adaptación de nichos. Por ejemplo, de relevancia particular para la salud humana es la transferencia lateral de resistencia antibiótica y determinantes de patogenicidad, llevando al
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dbo:abstract
Horizontal or lateral gene transfer (HGT or LGT) is the transmission of portions of genomic DNA between organisms through a process decoupled from vertical inheritance. In the presence of HGT events, different fragments of the genome are the result of different evolutionary histories. This can therefore complicate the investigations of evolutionary relatedness of lineages and species. Also, as HGT can bring into genomes radically different genotypes from distant lineages, or even new genes bearing new functions, it is a major source of phenotypic innovation and a mechanism of niche adaptation. For example, of particular relevance to human health is the lateral transfer of antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity determinants, leading to the emergence of pathogenic lineages. Inferring horizontal gene transfer through computational identification of HGT events relies upon the investigation of sequence composition or evolutionary history of genes. Sequence composition-based ("parametric") methods search for deviations from the genomic average whereas evolutionary history-based ("phylogenetic") approaches identify genes whose evolutionary history significantly differs from that of the host species. The evaluation and benchmarking of HGT inference methods typically rely upon simulated genomes, for which the true history is known. On real data, different methods tend to infer different HGT events, and as a result it can be difficult to ascertain all but simple and clear-cut HGT events. La transferencia genética horizontal o lateral (TGH o TGL) es la transmisión de partes de ADN genómico entre organismos a través de un proceso desacoplado de la herencia vertical. Cuando ocurren eventos TGH, diferentes fragmentos del genoma son el resultado de diferentes historias evolutivas. Esto puede, entonces, complicar las investigaciones del parentesco evolutivo de linajes y especies. También, como una TGH puede llevarle a los genomas unos genotipos radicalmente diferentes de linajes distantes o incluso nuevos genes con nuevas funciones, es una fuente importante de innovación fenotípica y un mecanismo de adaptación de nichos. Por ejemplo, de relevancia particular para la salud humana es la transferencia lateral de resistencia antibiótica y determinantes de patogenicidad, llevando al surgimiento de linajes patogénicos.​ Infiriendo la transferencia genética horizontal a través de identificación computacional de eventos TGH se basa en la investigación de la composición de la secuencia o historia evolutiva de los genes. Métodos basados en la composición de la secuencia ("paramétricos") busca desviaciones de un promedio genómico mientras que procedimientos de inferencia basados en la historia ("filogenéticos") identifican genes cuya historia evolutiva difiera significativamente de la de la especie huésped. La valoración y evaluación comparativa de los métodos de inferencia de TGH típicamente se basan en genomas simulados, para los cuales la verdadera historia se conoce. En información real, diferentes métodos tienden a inferir diferentes eventos de TGH y, como resultado, puede ser difícil determinar todos los eventos de TGH que no son simples o claros.
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