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Gladstonian liberalism is a political doctrine named after the British Victorian Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party, William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstonian liberalism consisted of limited government expenditure and low taxation whilst making sure government had balanced budgets and the classical liberal stress on self-help and freedom of choice. Gladstonian liberalism also emphasised free trade, little government intervention in the economy and equality of opportunity through institutional reform. It is referred to as laissez-faire or classical liberalism in the United Kingdom and is often compared to Thatcherism. Liberalisme Gladstone adalah sebuah doktrin politik yang diberi nama sesuai nama Perdana Menteri Victoria Britania dan pemimpin Partai Liberal, William Ewart Gladstone. Liberalisme Gladstone terdiri dari pengeluaran pemerintah yang terbatas dan pajak yang rendah sementara memastikan pemerintah memiliki anggaran yang berimbang dan penekanan liberal klasik pada swadaya dan kebebasan memilih. Liberalisme Gladstone juga menekankan perdagangan bebas, sedikit intervensi pemerintah dalam ekonomi dan kesetaraan kesempatan melalui reformasi kelembagaan. Doktrin ini disebut sebagai laissez-faire atau liberalisme klasik di Britania Raya dan sering dibandingkan dengan Thatcherisme.
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Gladstonian liberalism is a political doctrine named after the British Victorian Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party, William Ewart Gladstone. Gladstonian liberalism consisted of limited government expenditure and low taxation whilst making sure government had balanced budgets and the classical liberal stress on self-help and freedom of choice. Gladstonian liberalism also emphasised free trade, little government intervention in the economy and equality of opportunity through institutional reform. It is referred to as laissez-faire or classical liberalism in the United Kingdom and is often compared to Thatcherism. Gladstonian financial rectitude had a partial lasting impact on British politics and the historian John Vincent contends that under Lord Salisbury's premiership he "left Britain's low tax, low cost, low growth economy, with its Gladstonian finance and its free trade dogmas, and no conscript army, exactly as he had found it...Salisbury reigned, but Gladstone ruled". However, in the early 20th-century the Liberal Party began to move away from Gladstonian liberalism and instead developed new policies based on social liberalism (or what Gladstone called "constructionism"). The Liberal government of 1905–1914 is noted for its social reforms and these included old age pensions and National Insurance. Taxation and public expenditure was also increased and New Liberal ideas led to David Lloyd George's People's Budget of 1909–1910. The first Labour Chancellor of the Exchequer, Philip Snowden, had Gladstonian economic views. This was demonstrated in his first Budget in 1924 as government expenditure was curtailed, taxes were lowered and duties on tea, coffee, cocoa and sugar were reduced. Historian A. J. P. Taylor remarked that this budget "would have delighted the heart of Gladstone". Ernest Bevin remarked on becoming Minister of Labour in 1940: "They say that Gladstone was at the Treasury from 1860 to 1930". Liberalisme Gladstone adalah sebuah doktrin politik yang diberi nama sesuai nama Perdana Menteri Victoria Britania dan pemimpin Partai Liberal, William Ewart Gladstone. Liberalisme Gladstone terdiri dari pengeluaran pemerintah yang terbatas dan pajak yang rendah sementara memastikan pemerintah memiliki anggaran yang berimbang dan penekanan liberal klasik pada swadaya dan kebebasan memilih. Liberalisme Gladstone juga menekankan perdagangan bebas, sedikit intervensi pemerintah dalam ekonomi dan kesetaraan kesempatan melalui reformasi kelembagaan. Doktrin ini disebut sebagai laissez-faire atau liberalisme klasik di Britania Raya dan sering dibandingkan dengan Thatcherisme. Prinsip keuangan Gladstone memiliki dampak parsial yang berlangsung lama terhadap politik Britania dan sejarawan berpendapat bahwa di bawah kepemimpinan perdana menteri , dia "mempertahankan pajak rendah, biaya rendah, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi rendah Britania, dengan prinsip keuangan Gladstone dan dogma-dogma perdagangan bebasnya, dan tidak ada tentara wajib militer, persis seperti yang dia temukan...Salisbury memerintah, namun Gladstone yang memutuskan." Namun pada awal abad ke-20, Partai Liberal mulai beralih dari liberalisme Gladstone dan sebagai gantinya mengembangkan kebijakan baru berdasarkan liberalisme sosial (atau yang Gladstone sebut sebagai "konstruktifisme"). Pemerintahan Liberal tahun 1906-1914 terkenal karena reformasi sosialnya dan ini mencakup dan . Perpajakan dan pengeluaran publik juga meningkat dan ide-ide Liberal Baru memengaruhi David Lloyd George pada tahun 1909-1910. Menteri Keuangan Partai Buruh pertama, memiliki pandangan ekonomi Gladstone. Hal ini ditunjukkan dalam pertamanya pada tahun 1924; pengeluaran pemerintah dibatasi, pajak diturunkan, dan bea masuk teh, kopi, kakao dan gula dikurangi. Sejarawan mengatakan bahwa anggaran ini "akan sangat menyenangkan hati Gladstone." Ernest Bevin saat menjabat sebagai Menteri Tenaga Kerja pada tahun 1940 mengatakan: "Mereka mengatakan bahwa Gladstone berada di HM Treasury dari tahun 1860 sampai 1930".
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