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Barbarikon Barbarikon Barbarikon Barbarikon
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Barbarikon was een haven bij de nugeheten stad Karachi in Pakistan, belangrijk in de Griekse tijd in de handel rond de Indische Oceaan. Het wordt kort genoemd in de Periplus van de Erythreïsche Zee: "Deze rivier (de Indus) heeft zeven mondingen, heel ondiep en moerasachtig, zodat ze niet bevaarbaar zijn, behalve de middelste; waar bij de kust de marktplaats Barbaricum ligt. Ervoor ligt een klein eiland en meer landinwaarts ligt de stad van de Scythen, ; Deze is van Parthische princen die elkaar steeds verdrijven." Periplus, Hoofdstuk 38"De schepen liggen voor anker bij Barbaricum, maar al hun vracht wordt over de rivier naar de hoofdstad aan de rivier gebracht, naar de Koning. Op deze markt worden veel dunne kleren, een beetje onecht, geïmporteerd; verder linnen, topaas, koraal, gum, oliba Barbarikon (Ancient Greek: Βαρβαρικόν) was the name of a sea port near the modern-day city of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, important in the ancient era of the Indian subcontinent in Indian Ocean trade. The port is considered one of the premiere ports regarding the interaction between ancient India with the Middle East and Mediterranean world. It comes from the Greek word of the term (also in Latin, barbaricum), designating areas outside the civilization and/or the Roman Empire and the Greek world. Barbarikon is mentioned briefly in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: Barbarikon era il nome di un porto nei pressi dell'attuale città di Karachi, Sindh, in Pakistan, importante in epoca ellenistica per il commercio nell'oceano Indiano. Viene citato brevemente nel Periplus maris erythraei: Esiste anche una versione greca del termine Barbaricum, che fa riferimento alle zone esterne alla civiltà o all'Impero romano. Barbarikon (auch als Barbarike überliefert) war der Name eines Hafens in der Nähe der heutigen Stadt Karachi, Pakistan. Der Hafen war in hellenistischer Zeit und in der römischen Kaiserzeit für den Handel im Indischen Ozean und speziell für den Indienhandel von Bedeutung. Der Hafen wird kurz im Periplus Maris Erythraei erwähnt: Weiter heißt es dort:
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Barbarikon era il nome di un porto nei pressi dell'attuale città di Karachi, Sindh, in Pakistan, importante in epoca ellenistica per il commercio nell'oceano Indiano. Viene citato brevemente nel Periplus maris erythraei: Esiste anche una versione greca del termine Barbaricum, che fa riferimento alle zone esterne alla civiltà o all'Impero romano. Barbarikon was een haven bij de nugeheten stad Karachi in Pakistan, belangrijk in de Griekse tijd in de handel rond de Indische Oceaan. Het wordt kort genoemd in de Periplus van de Erythreïsche Zee: "Deze rivier (de Indus) heeft zeven mondingen, heel ondiep en moerasachtig, zodat ze niet bevaarbaar zijn, behalve de middelste; waar bij de kust de marktplaats Barbaricum ligt. Ervoor ligt een klein eiland en meer landinwaarts ligt de stad van de Scythen, ; Deze is van Parthische princen die elkaar steeds verdrijven." Periplus, Hoofdstuk 38"De schepen liggen voor anker bij Barbaricum, maar al hun vracht wordt over de rivier naar de hoofdstad aan de rivier gebracht, naar de Koning. Op deze markt worden veel dunne kleren, een beetje onecht, geïmporteerd; verder linnen, topaas, koraal, gum, olibanum, glazen vaten, zilver en gouden vaatwerk, en een beetje wijn. Aan de andere kant worden er costus geëxporteerd, , lycium, , Turkoois, lapis lazuli, huiden uit Seres, katoenen stof, zijden draad en indigo." - Periplus Hoofdstuk 39 Barbarikon wordt in het Grieks ook gebruikt om gebieden buiten de beschaving en/of het Romeinse Rijk aan te duiden. Barbarikon is mogelijk met het latere te identificeren. Barbarikon (auch als Barbarike überliefert) war der Name eines Hafens in der Nähe der heutigen Stadt Karachi, Pakistan. Der Hafen war in hellenistischer Zeit und in der römischen Kaiserzeit für den Handel im Indischen Ozean und speziell für den Indienhandel von Bedeutung. Der Hafen wird kurz im Periplus Maris Erythraei erwähnt: Dieser Fluß, [der Indus] hat sieben Mündungen, sehr seicht und sumpfig, so dass sie nicht befahrbar sind, eine Ausnahme ist die in der Mitte, bei der an der Küste der Handelsort Barbaricum liegt. Davor liegt eine kleine Insel und im Inland liegt die Hauptstadt von Scythia, Minnagara. Periplus, Kap. 38. Weiter heißt es dort: Die Schiffe liegen verankert in Barbaricum, aber alle werden auf dem Fluss zur Stadt [Minnagara], zum König gefahren. Zum Importieren lohnen sich besonders: Leichte Bekleidung, gemustertes Leinen, Topase, Korallen, Styrax, Behälter aus Glas oder Gold- und Silberblech, Weihrauch und beschränkt auch Wein. Zum Exportieren sind Costus, Bdellium [Anm: Ein aromatisches Harz, ähnlich der Myrrhe], Bocksdorn [Anm.: Lycium barbarum], Narde, Türkis, Lapislazuli, Baumwollkleider, Seidengarn, und Indigo geeignet. Im Monat Juli, welcher dem Epihpi entspricht, segeln die Schiffe mit den Indischen Etesien Winde dorthin; zu dieser Zeit ist es gefährlicher, aber durch diese Winde ist die Reise direkter und schneller. Periplus, ap. 39. Der Hafen wird auch in der Geographie des Ptolemaios als Barbarike erwähnt. Er fungierte anscheinend als Hafen für Minnagara und diente sowohl für Importe als auch für Exporte. Die genaue Lage ist unbekannt, der Ort ist aber wahrscheinlich mit dem späteren Banbhore identisch, das in der Spätantike als Dib/Dab bekannt war. Barbarikon (Ancient Greek: Βαρβαρικόν) was the name of a sea port near the modern-day city of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, important in the ancient era of the Indian subcontinent in Indian Ocean trade. The port is considered one of the premiere ports regarding the interaction between ancient India with the Middle East and Mediterranean world. It comes from the Greek word of the term (also in Latin, barbaricum), designating areas outside the civilization and/or the Roman Empire and the Greek world. It may have been a translation from Sumerian word Meluhha for the sindh from which the Sanskrit word for barbarian, Mleccha derives. Barbarikon is mentioned briefly in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: "This river [the Indus] has seven mouths, very shallow and marshy, so that they are not navigable, except the one in the middle; at which by the shore, is the market-town, Barbaricum. Before it there lies a small island, and inland behind it is the metropolis of Scythia, Minnagara; it is subject to Parthian princes who are constantly driving each other out.""The ships lie at anchor at Barbaricum, but all their cargoes are carried up to the metropolis by the river, to the King. There are imported into this market a great deal of thin clothing, and a little spurious; figured linens, topaz, coral, storax, frankincense, vessels of glass, silver and gold plate, and a little wine. On the other hand there are exported costus, bdellium, lycium, nard, turquoise, lapis lazuli, Seric skins, cotton cloth, silk yarn, and indigo. And sailors set out thither with the Indian Etesian winds, about the, month of July, that is Epiphi: it is more dangerous then, but through these winds the voyage is more direct, and sooner completed." Its principal function beyond supplying its immediate hinterland was as a transshipment port for supplies of Persian turquoise and Afghan lapis lazuli, to be carried overland to Egypt.
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