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The Yazoo Pass expedition was a joint operation of Major General Ulysses S. Grant's Army of the Tennessee and Rear Admiral David D. Porter's Mississippi River Squadron in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. Grant's objective was to get his troops into a flanking position against the Rebel defenders. The expedition was an effort to bypass the Confederate defenses on the bluffs near the city by using the backwaters of the Mississippi Delta as a route from the Mississippi River to the Yazoo River. Once on the Yazoo, the Army would be able to cross the river unopposed and thus achieve their goal. The operation would require a deep penetration into enemy territory that was dominated by water, so cooperation between the two services was necessary. The Army was led by Brigadier Gene

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  • The Yazoo Pass expedition was a joint operation of Major General Ulysses S. Grant's Army of the Tennessee and Rear Admiral David D. Porter's Mississippi River Squadron in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. Grant's objective was to get his troops into a flanking position against the Rebel defenders. The expedition was an effort to bypass the Confederate defenses on the bluffs near the city by using the backwaters of the Mississippi Delta as a route from the Mississippi River to the Yazoo River. Once on the Yazoo, the Army would be able to cross the river unopposed and thus achieve their goal. The operation would require a deep penetration into enemy territory that was dominated by water, so cooperation between the two services was necessary. The Army was led by Brigadier General Leonard F. Ross. Naval commander was Lieutenant Commander Watson Smith, who was in extremely poor health; his health was an important factor in the ultimate failure of the expedition. The expedition began on February 3, 1863 with the breaching of a levee on the Mississippi River, allowing water to flow from the river into a former channel that connected with the Yazoo River through a series of other waterways. The attacking fleet passed through the cut into Moon Lake, through the Yazoo Pass to the Coldwater River, and then into the Tallahatchie, which combines with the Yalobusha to form the Yazoo River, which met the Mississippi a short distance above Vicksburg. From the start, the expedition was delayed by natural obstacles that were more serious than the perfunctory Confederate resistance, so forward motion was as little as ten miles (16 km) a day. Because progress was so slow, the Confederate Army under Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton was able to set up a fort and block passage of the Federal fleet near the town of Greenwood, Mississippi. The Federal fleet did not approach the fort until March 11; then, the ironclad gunboats of the fleet were repulsed in a series of gunfire exchanges on three separate days. Because of the nature of the ground, much of which was under water, the Army troops present could not contribute significantly to the battle. Following the third repulse on March 16, Lieutenant Commander Smith's health failed him completely, and he turned command over to Lieutenant Commander James P. Foster. Foster and Ross decided to withdraw to the Mississippi. They were temporarily persuaded to try again when they met reinforcements for the Army, but they resumed their retreat when the new army commander, Brigadier General Isaac F. Quinby, saw the futility of further attacks. The entire force had returned by April 12, and the expedition was over. (en)
  • De Yazoo Pass-expeditie vond plaats tussen 3 februari en 12 april 1863 tijdens de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog. Het was een gezamenlijke operatie tussen het van generaal-majoor Ulysses S. Grant en de van vice-admiraal tijdens de Vicksburgveldtocht. Grant wilde zijn troepen via de Mississippi Delta naar de sturen om de verdedigingswerken van Vicksburg te flankeren. Eens zijn troepen de Yazoo zouden bereiken, kon men ongehinderd Vicksburg benaderen. Om deze operatie te doen slagen was de samenwerking tussen het leger en de marine noodzakelijk. De legereenheden tijdens deze expeditie werden aangevoerd door brigadegeneraal . De bevelhebber van de schepen was luitenant-commandant Watson Smith. Zijn slechte gezondheid zou een determinerende factor zijn en zou uiteindelijk leiden tot de mislukking van de expeditie. Op 3 februari 1863 werd een dam in een oud kanaal doorbroken. Dit kanaal gaf toegang tot een reeks waterwegen die de Mississippi en de Yazoo met elkaar verbonden.De vloot voer langs het kanaal naar Moon Lake. Daarna werd de tocht verdergezet naar de Yazoo Pass, de Coldwater River en de Tallahatchie. Via de Yalobusha was er aansluiting met de Yazoo die in de Mississippi vloeide nabij Vicksburg. Van bij het begin werd de tocht gehinderd door natuurlijke barrières waardoor ze maar 16 km per dag oprukten. Door de trage opmars van de Noordelijken kreeg de Zuidelijke luitenant-generaal John C. Pemberton de tijd om bij Greenwood, Mississippi een fort te bouwen. Op 11 maart naderden de Noordelijken het fort. Drie aanvallen van de Noordelijke kanonneerboten werden afgeslagen. De Noordelijke infanterie kon enkel werkloos toe zien. Het terrein rond het fort was te moerassig om iets te kunnen doen. Op 16 maart mislukte de derde stormaanval. Luitenant-commandant Smith werd vervangen wegens ziekte door James P. Foster. Foster en Ross beslisten om zich terug te trekken naar de Mississippi. Tegen 12 april waren alle troepen terug in de thuishaven. De expeditie was mislukt. (nl)
  • La spedizione di Yazoo Pass fu un'operazione militare durante la guerra di secessione americana. Essa fu intrapresa congiuntamente dal maggior generale Ulysses S. Grant dell'Armata del Tennessee e dal contrammiraglio David Dixon Porter del "Mississippi River Squadron" nell'ambito della campagna di Vicksburg nel corso del Teatro Occidentale. L'obiettivo di Grant era di mettere le proprie truppe in una posizione aggressiva sul fianco dei ribelli che dominavano ancora la zona. La spedizione fu un tentativo di aggirare le postazioni difensive confederate sulle scogliere poste nei pressi della città di Vicksburg, utilizzando i bacini del delta del Mississippi come percorso dal fiume Mississippi al ; una volta giunta qui la truppa sarebbe stata in grado di attraversare il corso d'acqua senza incontrare ostacoli. L'operazione avrebbe richiesto una profonda penetrazione in un territorio nemico in un ambiente ricco di paludi, quindi fu necessaria la cooperazione tra i due servizi dell'Union Army e dell'Union Navy; l'esercito era guidato da laddove il comandante navale era , gravemente ammalato; la precarietà delle sue condizioni di salute si rivelò un fattore decisivo nel fallimento della spedizione. Il "Moon Lake" in una foto del 1900 circa. Essa iniziò il 3 febbraio 1863 con l'abbattimento di un argine sul fiume Mississippi, permettendo all'acqua di defluire in un ex canale artificiale che arrivava fino al fiume Yazoo attraverso una serie di altri corsi minori. La flotta attaccante passò attraverso l'apertura giungendo nel Moon Lake, poi attraverso lo "Yazoo Pass" arrivò nel fiume Coldwater, affluente del Tallahatchie - e poi da questo nello Yalobusha, il quale forma poi lo Yazoo, che a sua volta s'incontra con il Mississippi a breve distanza sopra Vicksburg. Fin dall'inizio l'operazione venne ritardata da ostacoli naturali più che dalla resistenza stessa dei confederati, quindi la spinta in avanti risultò di appena 16 km giornalieri. Poiché il progresso era così lento l'esercito sudista di John Clifford Pemberton fu in grado di costruire un fortino e quindi di bloccare il passaggio della flotta federale in prossimità della città di Greenwood. La flottiglia unionista si avvicinò al fortino solo l'11 marzo; a quel punto le navi cannoniere furono respinte da scontri a fuoco per tre giorni. Le truppe di fanteria presenti non poterono contribuire in modo significativo a causa della natura del terreno, per la maggior parte allagato. Dopo la terza azione respinta del 16 marzo, Smith si trovò obbligato per motivi di salute ad affidare il comando a James P. Foster; questi e Ross decisero quindi di ritirarsi. Quando incontrarono i rinforzi, furono temporaneamente persuasi a tentare nuovamente, ma ripresero la loro ritirata quando il nuovo superiore vide l'inutilità di ulteriori attacchi. L'intera formazione era ritornata indietro fino al punto di partenza il 12 aprile, ponendo così termine alla spedizione. (it)
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  • Operations against Vicksburg and Grant's Bayou Operations. : : (en)
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  • United States (en)
  • CSA (Confederacy) (en)
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  • Leonard F. Ross, USA (en)
  • Watson Smith, USN (en)
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  • Yazoo Pass expedition (en)
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  • The Yazoo Pass expedition was a joint operation of Major General Ulysses S. Grant's Army of the Tennessee and Rear Admiral David D. Porter's Mississippi River Squadron in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. Grant's objective was to get his troops into a flanking position against the Rebel defenders. The expedition was an effort to bypass the Confederate defenses on the bluffs near the city by using the backwaters of the Mississippi Delta as a route from the Mississippi River to the Yazoo River. Once on the Yazoo, the Army would be able to cross the river unopposed and thus achieve their goal. The operation would require a deep penetration into enemy territory that was dominated by water, so cooperation between the two services was necessary. The Army was led by Brigadier Gene (en)
  • La spedizione di Yazoo Pass fu un'operazione militare durante la guerra di secessione americana. Essa fu intrapresa congiuntamente dal maggior generale Ulysses S. Grant dell'Armata del Tennessee e dal contrammiraglio David Dixon Porter del "Mississippi River Squadron" nell'ambito della campagna di Vicksburg nel corso del Teatro Occidentale. L'obiettivo di Grant era di mettere le proprie truppe in una posizione aggressiva sul fianco dei ribelli che dominavano ancora la zona. La spedizione fu un tentativo di aggirare le postazioni difensive confederate sulle scogliere poste nei pressi della città di Vicksburg, utilizzando i bacini del delta del Mississippi come percorso dal fiume Mississippi al ; una volta giunta qui la truppa sarebbe stata in grado di attraversare il corso d'acqua senza inc (it)
  • De Yazoo Pass-expeditie vond plaats tussen 3 februari en 12 april 1863 tijdens de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog. Het was een gezamenlijke operatie tussen het van generaal-majoor Ulysses S. Grant en de van vice-admiraal tijdens de Vicksburgveldtocht. Grant wilde zijn troepen via de Mississippi Delta naar de sturen om de verdedigingswerken van Vicksburg te flankeren. Eens zijn troepen de Yazoo zouden bereiken, kon men ongehinderd Vicksburg benaderen. Om deze operatie te doen slagen was de samenwerking tussen het leger en de marine noodzakelijk. De legereenheden tijdens deze expeditie werden aangevoerd door brigadegeneraal . De bevelhebber van de schepen was luitenant-commandant Watson Smith. Zijn slechte gezondheid zou een determinerende factor zijn en zou uiteindelijk leiden tot de mislukkin (nl)
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  • Spedizione di Yazoo Pass (it)
  • Yazoo Pass-expeditie (nl)
  • Yazoo Pass expedition (en)
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