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The voiced retroflex trill is a sound that has been reported in Toda and confirmed with laboratory measurements. Peter Ladefoged transcribes it with the IPA symbol that is normally associated with the retroflex flap, ⟨ɽ⟩. Although the tongue starts out in a subapical retroflex position, trilling involves the tip of the tongue and causes it to move forward to the alveolar ridge. Thus, the retroflex trill gives a preceding vowel retroflex coloration, like other retroflex consonants, but the vibration itself is not much different from an alveolar trill. Thus, the narrower transcription ⟨ɽr⟩ is also appropriate.

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  • La consonne roulée rétroflexe voisée est un son consonantique assez peu fréquent dans les langues parlées. Le symbole dans l'alphabet phonétique international n'est pas encore défini, mais nombre de transcriptions utilisent le symbole de la consonne battue correspondante [ɽ] avec une liaison sur une consonne sans battement. Ce symbole représente un [r] dont le bas de la hampe se termine en crochet vers la droite. Dans l'API, le [r] représente une consonne roulée. Bien que la langue se place d'abord en position rétroflexe sous-apicale, le roulement implique la pointe de la langue qui se déplace en avant vers la bordure alvéolaire ; cela signifie que le battement rétroflexe confère une coloration à une voyelle précédente, similaire à l'effet produit par les autres consonnes rétroflexes, mais la vibration elle-même n'est guère différente de celle d'un battement alvéolaire. Aussi, la transcription [ɽ͡r] semble appropriée pour la noter. (fr)
  • The voiced retroflex trill is a sound that has been reported in Toda and confirmed with laboratory measurements. Peter Ladefoged transcribes it with the IPA symbol that is normally associated with the retroflex flap, ⟨ɽ⟩. Although the tongue starts out in a subapical retroflex position, trilling involves the tip of the tongue and causes it to move forward to the alveolar ridge. Thus, the retroflex trill gives a preceding vowel retroflex coloration, like other retroflex consonants, but the vibration itself is not much different from an alveolar trill. Thus, the narrower transcription ⟨ɽr⟩ is also appropriate. Wahgi has a similar trilled allophone of its lateral flap, [𝼈r̥], but it is voiceless. Wintu and Lardil are other languages with a reported (apico-)retroflex trill where the tongue apex "approaches" the hard palate, but it is not subapical, unlike in Toda. The trill has a retroflex flap allophone that occurs between vowels. Several languages have been reported to have trilled retroflex affricates such as [ɳɖ͡ɽ̝] and [ʈ͡ɽ̝̊], including Mapudungun, Malagasy and Fijian. However, the exact articulation is seldom clear from descriptions. In Fijian, for example, further investigation has revealed that the sound (written ⟨dr⟩) is seldom trilled but is usually realized as a postalveolar stop [n̠d̠] instead. In Mapudungun, the sound (written tr) is strongly retroflex, causing /l/ and /r/ following the subsequent vowel to become retroflex as well. The southern dialect varies between /ʈɽ/ and /ʈʂ/, but it is not clear whether the letter ⟨ɽ⟩ represents a trill or a non-sibilant fricative. (en)
  • De retroflexe vibrant is een medeklinker waarvan met laboratoriummetingen is vastgesteld dat hij voorkomt in onder andere de Dravidische taal Toda. De klank kent officieel geen symbool in het Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet, maar gebruikte voor de klank het teken dat normaal gebruikt wordt voor de retroflexe flap ([ɽ]?). Bij het uitspreken van de klank begint de tong in een sub-apicale retroflexe positie, maar voor de trilling wordt het puntje van de tong gebruikt. De trilling is niet veel anders dan bij een alveolaire vibrant. Derhalve wordt voor de klank soms ook het symbool [[ɽ͡r]]? gebruikt. Er zijn ook talen waarin een trillende retroflexe affricaat voorkomt, zoals [[ɳɖ͡ɽ̝]]? en [[ʈ͡ɽ̝̊]]?. Dit is het geval bij onder andere het Mapudungun, Plateaumalagasi en Fijisch. De exacte articulatie is hierbij maar zelden duidelijk. (nl)
  • A vibrante múltipla retroflexa é um som que foi relatado em Toda e confirmado com medições laboratoriais. Peter Ladefoged o transcreve com o símbolo IPA que normalmente está associado à aba retroflexa, ⟨ɽ⟩. Embora a língua comece em uma posição retroflexa subapical, a vibração envolve a ponta da língua e faz com que ela avance para a crista alveolar. Assim, o trinado retroflexo dá uma coloração retroflexa de vogal precedente, como outras consoantes retroflexas, mas a vibração em si não é muito diferente de um trinado alveolar. Assim, a transcrição mais estreita ⟨ɽr⟩ também é apropriada. Wahgi tem um alofone vibrante semelhante em sua aba lateral, [̥r̥], mas não tem voz. Wintu e Lardil são outras línguas com um trinado retroflexo relatado (apico-) onde o ápice da língua "se aproxima" do palato duro, mas não é subapical, ao contrário de Toda. O trinado possui um alofone retalho retroflexo que ocorre entre as vogais. Foi relatado que várias línguas têm africadas retroflexas vibrantes, como [ɳɖ͡ɽ̝] e [ʈ͡ɽ̝̊], incluindo mapudungun, malgaxe e fijiano. No entanto, a articulação exata raramente fica clara nas descrições. Em Fijiano, por exemplo, investigações posteriores revelaram que o som (escrito ⟨dr⟩) raramente é vibrado, mas geralmente é percebido como uma parada pós-alveolar [n̠d̠]. No Mapudungun, o som (tr escrito) é fortemente retroflexo, fazendo com que /l/ e /r/ seguindo a vogal subsequente também se tornem retroflexos. O dialeto do sul varia entre /ʈɽ/ e /ʈʂ/, mas não está claro se a letra ⟨ɽ⟩ representa um trinado ou uma fricativa não sibilante. (pt)
  • 捲舌顫音在德拉維達語系的出現,已經得到實驗證實其存在。 (Peter Ladefoged)為此音標音,用的符號是國際音標中代表捲舌閃音的ɽ。發音時,雖然首先用下舌尖捲舌,但顫動也涉及舌尖,使其向前移至齒齦。這表示,捲舌顫音發音前會產生元音捲舌的,正如其他捲舌輔音,但是發音的顫動與齒齦顫音相差無幾。因此,[ɽ͡r]可能也是適當標音。 根據報告, (Wintu)是另一個有捲舌顫音的語言,發音時舌尖「接近」硬齶,與Toda語不同。在元音之間時,該音的音位變體是捲舌閃音。 有報告指出,一些語言擁有捲舌塞擦顫音如[ɳɖ͡ɽ̝]和[ʈ͡ɽ̝̊],包括馬普切語、馬達加斯加語和斐濟語。然而,那些報告大多沒有清楚描述正式發音。比如說,進一步查證顯示,斐濟語中的該音(寫成dr)極少以顫音形式讀出,多數讀成齒齦後塞音[n̠d̠]。在馬普切語,該音(寫成tr)是強烈捲舌音,令緊接隨後元音的/l/和/r/也變成捲舌音;在南方方言,此音异讀為/ʈ͡ɽ/和/ʈ͡ʂ/,至於符號<ɽ>代表顫音還是無噝擦音,則不清楚。 (zh)
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  • ɽr (en)
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  • 捲舌顫音在德拉維達語系的出現,已經得到實驗證實其存在。 (Peter Ladefoged)為此音標音,用的符號是國際音標中代表捲舌閃音的ɽ。發音時,雖然首先用下舌尖捲舌,但顫動也涉及舌尖,使其向前移至齒齦。這表示,捲舌顫音發音前會產生元音捲舌的,正如其他捲舌輔音,但是發音的顫動與齒齦顫音相差無幾。因此,[ɽ͡r]可能也是適當標音。 根據報告, (Wintu)是另一個有捲舌顫音的語言,發音時舌尖「接近」硬齶,與Toda語不同。在元音之間時,該音的音位變體是捲舌閃音。 有報告指出,一些語言擁有捲舌塞擦顫音如[ɳɖ͡ɽ̝]和[ʈ͡ɽ̝̊],包括馬普切語、馬達加斯加語和斐濟語。然而,那些報告大多沒有清楚描述正式發音。比如說,進一步查證顯示,斐濟語中的該音(寫成dr)極少以顫音形式讀出,多數讀成齒齦後塞音[n̠d̠]。在馬普切語,該音(寫成tr)是強烈捲舌音,令緊接隨後元音的/l/和/r/也變成捲舌音;在南方方言,此音异讀為/ʈ͡ɽ/和/ʈ͡ʂ/,至於符號<ɽ>代表顫音還是無噝擦音,則不清楚。 (zh)
  • La consonne roulée rétroflexe voisée est un son consonantique assez peu fréquent dans les langues parlées. Le symbole dans l'alphabet phonétique international n'est pas encore défini, mais nombre de transcriptions utilisent le symbole de la consonne battue correspondante [ɽ] avec une liaison sur une consonne sans battement. Ce symbole représente un [r] dont le bas de la hampe se termine en crochet vers la droite. Dans l'API, le [r] représente une consonne roulée. (fr)
  • The voiced retroflex trill is a sound that has been reported in Toda and confirmed with laboratory measurements. Peter Ladefoged transcribes it with the IPA symbol that is normally associated with the retroflex flap, ⟨ɽ⟩. Although the tongue starts out in a subapical retroflex position, trilling involves the tip of the tongue and causes it to move forward to the alveolar ridge. Thus, the retroflex trill gives a preceding vowel retroflex coloration, like other retroflex consonants, but the vibration itself is not much different from an alveolar trill. Thus, the narrower transcription ⟨ɽr⟩ is also appropriate. (en)
  • A vibrante múltipla retroflexa é um som que foi relatado em Toda e confirmado com medições laboratoriais. Peter Ladefoged o transcreve com o símbolo IPA que normalmente está associado à aba retroflexa, ⟨ɽ⟩. Embora a língua comece em uma posição retroflexa subapical, a vibração envolve a ponta da língua e faz com que ela avance para a crista alveolar. Assim, o trinado retroflexo dá uma coloração retroflexa de vogal precedente, como outras consoantes retroflexas, mas a vibração em si não é muito diferente de um trinado alveolar. Assim, a transcrição mais estreita ⟨ɽr⟩ também é apropriada. (pt)
  • De retroflexe vibrant is een medeklinker waarvan met laboratoriummetingen is vastgesteld dat hij voorkomt in onder andere de Dravidische taal Toda. De klank kent officieel geen symbool in het Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet, maar gebruikte voor de klank het teken dat normaal gebruikt wordt voor de retroflexe flap ([ɽ]?). Er zijn ook talen waarin een trillende retroflexe affricaat voorkomt, zoals [[ɳɖ͡ɽ̝]]? en [[ʈ͡ɽ̝̊]]?. Dit is het geval bij onder andere het Mapudungun, Plateaumalagasi en Fijisch. De exacte articulatie is hierbij maar zelden duidelijk. (nl)
rdfs:label
  • Consonne roulée rétroflexe voisée (fr)
  • Retroflexe vibrant (nl)
  • Vibrante múltipla retroflexa (pt)
  • Voiced retroflex trill (en)
  • 捲舌顫音 (zh)
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