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- Palaiyakkarar, Poligar, Palegaadu, Polygar, Palegar, o Polegar fue el título feudal para una clase de gobernadores administrativos y militares territoriales nombrados por los gobernantes Nayaka de la India del Sur durante los siglos XVI y XVIII. La palabra es una corrupción inglesa de Palaiyakkarar (Tamil), Palegaadu (Telugu) o Paaleyagaara (Kannada). Los Polygars de Madurai eran instrumentos para establecer reformas administrativas y construir proyectos e instituciones religiosas. Sus guerras con los británicos tras la muerte de Madurai Nayakas es a menudo considerada unas de las luchas de Independencia indias más antiguas. Muchos fueron ahorcados y algunos marcharon para siempre a las Islas Andaman por los británicos. Puli Thevar, Veerapandya Kattabomman, Dheeran Chinnamalai, Marudu brothers, Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy eran algunos de los más notables Polygars que se sublevaron contra las normas británicas en la India del Sur. La guerra contra las fuerzas británicas se iniciaron en la Rebelión en la India de 1857 en India del Norte durante muchas décadas. (es)
- Palaiyakkarars, or Poligar, (as the British referred to them) in Tamil Nadu refers to the holder of a small kingdom as a feudatory to a greater sovereign. Under this system, palayam was given for valuable military services rendered by any individual. The word pālayam means domain,a military camp, or a small kingdom. This type of Palayakkarars system was in practice during the rule of Pratapa Rudhra of Warangal in the Kakatiya kingdom. The system was put in place in Tamilnadu by Viswanatha Nayaka, when he became the Nayak ruler of Madurai in 1529, with the support of his minister Ariyanathar. Traditionally there were supposed to be 72 Palayakkarars.The majority of those Palaiyakkarar, who during the late 17th- and 18th-centuries controlled much of the Telugu region as well as the Tamil area, had themselves come from the Yadhavar, Kallar, Maravar and Vatuka, pala ekari communities. The Palaiyakkarar of Madurai Country were instrumental in establishing administrative reforms by building irrigation projects, forts and religious institutions. The Palaiyakkarar who worshipped the goddess Kali did not allow their territory to be annexed by Aurangzeb. Their with the British East India Company after the demise of the Madurai Nayakas is often regarded as one of the earliest struggles for Indian independence. Many captured Palaiyakkarar commanders were either executed or banished to the Andaman Islands by the British. Puli Thevar,Veerapandya Kattabomman, the Marudu brothers, Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone,, Maruthanayagam, Dheeran Chinnamalai,and Uyyalawada Narasimha Reddy were some notable Palaiyakkarar who rose up in revolt against the British rule in South India. Their wars against the British East India Company predates the Indian rebellion of 1857 in Northern India by many decades but is still largely given less importance by historians. (en)
- パーライヤッカーラル（タミル語：பாளையக்காரர்கள், Palaiyakkarar）は、南インドのナーヤカ朝の支配のもと、タミル地方南部および内陸部などにおいて半独立的な地位を保った領主層。パーライヤッカーラン（Palaiyakkaran）とも呼ばれる。 イギリスはこれらをポリガール（Poligar）と呼んだが、そのなには自衛のために武装した村長や、混乱に乗じて自立した地方役人なども含まれていた。 (ja)
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- パーライヤッカーラル（タミル語：பாளையக்காரர்கள், Palaiyakkarar）は、南インドのナーヤカ朝の支配のもと、タミル地方南部および内陸部などにおいて半独立的な地位を保った領主層。パーライヤッカーラン（Palaiyakkaran）とも呼ばれる。 イギリスはこれらをポリガール（Poligar）と呼んだが、そのなには自衛のために武装した村長や、混乱に乗じて自立した地方役人なども含まれていた。 (ja)
- Palaiyakkarar, Poligar, Palegaadu, Polygar, Palegar, o Polegar fue el título feudal para una clase de gobernadores administrativos y militares territoriales nombrados por los gobernantes Nayaka de la India del Sur durante los siglos XVI y XVIII. La palabra es una corrupción inglesa de Palaiyakkarar (Tamil), Palegaadu (Telugu) o Paaleyagaara (Kannada). Los Polygars de Madurai eran instrumentos para establecer reformas administrativas y construir proyectos e instituciones religiosas. Sus guerras con los británicos tras la muerte de Madurai Nayakas es a menudo considerada unas de las luchas de Independencia indias más antiguas. (es)
- Palaiyakkarars, or Poligar, (as the British referred to them) in Tamil Nadu refers to the holder of a small kingdom as a feudatory to a greater sovereign. Under this system, palayam was given for valuable military services rendered by any individual. The word pālayam means domain,a military camp, or a small kingdom. This type of Palayakkarars system was in practice during the rule of Pratapa Rudhra of Warangal in the Kakatiya kingdom. The system was put in place in Tamilnadu by Viswanatha Nayaka, when he became the Nayak ruler of Madurai in 1529, with the support of his minister Ariyanathar. Traditionally there were supposed to be 72 Palayakkarars.The majority of those Palaiyakkarar, who during the late 17th- and 18th-centuries controlled much of the Telugu region as well as the Tamil area (en)
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