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- The word placebo was used in a medicinal context in the late 18th century to describe a "commonplace method or medicine" and in 1811 it was defined as "any medicine adapted more to please than to benefit the patient". Although this definition contained a derogatory implication, it did not necessarily imply that the remedy had no effect. Placebos have featured in medical use until well into the twentieth century. In 1955 Henry K. Beecher published an influential paper entitled The Powerful Placebo which proposed idea that placebo effects were clinically important. Subsequent re-analysis of his materials, however, found in them no evidence of any "placebo effect". (en)
- L’histoire du placebo et des effets placebo permet de comprendre l’apparition et l'évolution du terme placebo, son usage dans un sens médical, ainsi que l'histoire de l'effet placebo qui y est associé. (fr)
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- L’histoire du placebo et des effets placebo permet de comprendre l’apparition et l'évolution du terme placebo, son usage dans un sens médical, ainsi que l'histoire de l'effet placebo qui y est associé. (fr)
- The word placebo was used in a medicinal context in the late 18th century to describe a "commonplace method or medicine" and in 1811 it was defined as "any medicine adapted more to please than to benefit the patient". Although this definition contained a derogatory implication, it did not necessarily imply that the remedy had no effect. (en)
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- Histoire du placebo et de l'effet placebo (fr)
- Placebo in history (en)
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