About: Paper print

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Paper prints of films were an early mechanism to establish the copyright of motion pictures by depositing them with the Library of Congress. Thomas Alva Edison’s company was first to register each frame of motion-picture film onto a positive paper print, in 1893. The Library of Congress processed and cataloged each of the films as one photograph, accepting thousands of paper prints of films over a twenty-year period.

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  • Paper prints of films were an early mechanism to establish the copyright of motion pictures by depositing them with the Library of Congress. Thomas Alva Edison’s company was first to register each frame of motion-picture film onto a positive paper print, in 1893. The Library of Congress processed and cataloged each of the films as one photograph, accepting thousands of paper prints of films over a twenty-year period. An unintended but fortunate side-effect is that while the actual films and negatives of this period often decayed or were destroyed, the paper prints sat ignored until the 1940s and were conserved. When this copyright deposit method ended in 1912, actual film prints were registered. Many films made before 1912 were lost forever because their original elements (for example, nitrate film) were too unstable for any lasting preservation or conservation. Paper prints, though, came with their own unpredictable nature, bringing migration challenges that rival the difficulties involved with the analog/digital conversions of today. (en)
  • Paper prints adalah mekanisme awal untuk menetapkan hak cipta gambar gerak dengan menyimpannya di Perpustakaan Kongres Amerika Serikat. Perusaan milik Thomas Alva Edison merupakan perusahaan yang kali pertama mendaftarkan setiap bingkai film ke dalam positive paper print tahun 1893. Perpustakaan Kongres memproses dan memasukkan ke dalam katalog setiap film-film sebagai sebuah fotografi, menerima ribuan kertas cetak dari film-film selama periode lebih dari dua puluh tahun. Efek samping yang tidak disengaja tapi menguntungkan adalah bahwa ketika film dan negatif aktual periode ini membusuk atau hancur, kertas cetak diabaikan dan atau tidak dilestarikan. Ketika kebijakan penyimpanan berakhir pada tahun 1912 dan kertas cetak film terdaftar dan segera dikembalikan kepada pemegang hak cipta, banyak film selama tiga dasawarsa selanjutnya hilang selamanya karena elemen aslinya (sebagai contoh, film nitrat) tidak stabil untuk untuk dilestarikan atau dikonservasikan. Kertas cetak, meskipun memiliki sifat tidak terduga, membawa migrasi perubahan yang bersaing dari kesulitan-kesulitan untuk menyesuaikan konversi analog/digital masa kini. (in)
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  • Paper prints of films were an early mechanism to establish the copyright of motion pictures by depositing them with the Library of Congress. Thomas Alva Edison’s company was first to register each frame of motion-picture film onto a positive paper print, in 1893. The Library of Congress processed and cataloged each of the films as one photograph, accepting thousands of paper prints of films over a twenty-year period. (en)
  • Paper prints adalah mekanisme awal untuk menetapkan hak cipta gambar gerak dengan menyimpannya di Perpustakaan Kongres Amerika Serikat. Perusaan milik Thomas Alva Edison merupakan perusahaan yang kali pertama mendaftarkan setiap bingkai film ke dalam positive paper print tahun 1893. Perpustakaan Kongres memproses dan memasukkan ke dalam katalog setiap film-film sebagai sebuah fotografi, menerima ribuan kertas cetak dari film-film selama periode lebih dari dua puluh tahun. (in)
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  • Paper print (in)
  • Paper print (en)
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