| dbo:abstract
|
- The Niagara campaign occurred in 1814 and was the final campaign launched by the United States to invade Canada during the War of 1812. The campaign was launched to counter the British offensive in the Niagara region which had been initiated with the capture of Fort Niagara in December, 1813. As part of that campaign, and in response to the American burning of the village of Newark on the Canadian side of the river, British forces and their native allies burned the American villages of Buffalo and Black Rock. Having rejected the option of attacking the British naval base at Kingston in Upper Canada (as it was considered too logistically difficult and well defended), the American objective in the 1814 campaign was to deal the British a decisive blow on the Niagara peninsula. The American forces, commanded by General Jacob Brown and General Winfield Scott, began their counter campaign with the Capture of Fort Erie on the Niagara Peninsula early in July. Next, they defeated the British at the Battle of Chippawa. At the Battle of Lundy's Lane three weeks later, both sides claimed victory, but because U.S. forces had suffered so many casualties, they pulled back to Fort Erie. Following their return to the fort, the British, under Gordon Drummond, attempted to capture the fort and the Siege of Fort Erie followed. The Americans were able to hold out, and the British eventually lifted the siege after suffering severe losses. After a small engagement at Cook's Mills, American forces, commanded by General George Izard, abandoned Fort Erie and returned to the U.S. territory for winter quarters. In February 1815 the U.S. Senate approved the Treaty of Ghent ending the war.
* Winfield Scott (photographed in later life) played an instrumental role, as a young 28-year old Brigadier-General, at the Battles of Chippawa and Lundy's Lane. (en)
- La campagne du Niagara était la campagne finale lancée par les États-Unis pour envahir le Canada pendant la guerre anglo-américaine de 1812. Sous le commandement du général Jacob Jennings Brown et du général Winfield Scott, les forces américaines commencèrent la campagne par la capture du Fort Érié sur la péninsule du Niagara. La bataille de Chippawa fut une victoire décisive pour les Américains. À la bataille de Lundy's Lane, les deux côtés réclamèrent la victoire, mais les forces américaines avaient eu tellement de blessés qu'elles se retirèrent à Fort Érié. Après quoi, les Britanniques sous le commandement de Gordon Drummond essayèrent de capturer le Fort. Ils l'assiégèrent. Les Américains tinrent bon et les Britanniques levèrent le siège après avoir subi de lourdes pertes. Après la bataille de Cook's Mills, les forces américaines commandé par le général (en) abandonnèrent Fort Érié et retournèrent sur la rive des États-Unis. (fr)
|
