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- Der Jones Act ist ein US-Bundesgesetz, das den Seehandel in den Gewässern der USA und zwischen US-Häfen betrifft. Durch Kabotageregelungen wird der Schiffsverkehr zwischen US-Häfen grundsätzlich auf Schiffe beschränkt, die in den USA hergestellt wurden, US-Staatsangehörigen gehören und von US-Bürgern betrieben werden. Ausländischen Unternehmern ist es auf Grund des „Jones Act“ prinzipiell untersagt, den direkten Transport von Gütern und Passagieren zwischen US-Häfen anzubieten sowie im Ausland gebaute oder erneuerte Schiffe für diesen Zweck zum Verkauf anzubieten oder zu vermieten. Die Kabotageregelungen des Jones Act haben im Wesentlichen zwei Ziele. Zum einen soll der Handel und Transport von Gütern bzw. Passagieren innerhalb des „Coastwise Trade“ für amerikanische Schiffbauer und Handelsschiffseigner begünstigt werden. Zum anderen soll damit der Erhalt von US-Werftkapazitäten sichergestellt werden, die in Krisen- oder Kriegszeiten einen erhöhten Schiffsbedarf der USA decken können sollen.Im Zusammenhang mit der Beschaffung von Tankflugzeugen durch die Air Force gab es Überlegungen, den Jones Act auf den Luftfahrzeugbereich auszudehnen. Das Thema wurde vom Kongress nicht weiter verfolgt. (de)
- Le Jones Act ou Merchant Marine Act of 1920 est une loi de 1920 qui oblige les bateaux faisant du cabotage aux États-Unis à être construits aux États-Unis, à battre pavillon américain, à être détenus par un Américain et à avoir un équipage américain. Cette loi est toujours en vigueur en dépit de la création de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce, en tant que dérogation, car elle avait été adoptée avant la création de l'Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce, dans le but d'assurer des réserves en ce qui a trait aux transports maritimes en cas de conflit militaire. Cette loi est régulièrement critiquée comme étant particulièrement protectionniste et qui augmenterait les coûts du transport maritime à l'intérieur des États-Unis, touchant notamment des territoires comme Porto Rico, inclus dans le périmètre de la loi. Le sénateur John McCain a plusieurs fois proposé une suppression ou une modification à cette loi. Lors de l'ouragan Maria, le Jones Act a été suspendu temporairement à la suite des difficultés logistiques importantes que l'île subissait. (fr)
- The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 is a United States federal statute that provides for the promotion and maintenance of the American merchant marine. Among other purposes, the law regulates maritime commerce in U.S. waters and between U.S. ports. Section 27 of the Merchant Marine Act is known as the Jones Act and deals with cabotage (coastwise trade). It requires that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried on ships that have been constructed in the United States and that fly the U.S. flag, are owned by U.S. citizens, and are crewed by U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. The act was introduced by Senator Wesley Jones. The law also defines certain seaman's rights. Laws similar to the Jones Act date to the early days of the United States. In the First Congress, on September 1, 1789, Congress enacted Chapter XI, "An Act for Registering and Clearing Vessels, Regulating the Coasting Trade, and for other purposes", which limited domestic trades to American ships meeting certain requirements. Such laws served the same purpose as—and were loosely based on—England's Navigation Acts, which were repealed in 1849. The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 has been revised a number of times; the most recent revision in 2006 included recodification in the U.S. Code. Many economists and other experts have argued for its repeal, while military and Department of Commerce officials have spoken in favor of the law on protectionist grounds. Research shows that the Jones Act reduces domestic trade via waterways (relative to other forms of trade) and increases consumer prices. The Jones Act is not to be confused with the Death on the High Seas Act, another United States maritime law that does not apply to coastal and in-land navigable waters. The Jones Act is also commonly confused with the Passenger Vessel Services Act of 1886, which regulates passenger vessels, including cruise ships. (en)
- ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 존스 법 문서를 참고하십시오.) 존스액트(영어: Jones Act)는 1920년에 제정된 미국의 법률(Merchant Marine Act of 1920)의 제27조를 지칭한다. 미국 내에서 선박수송시 운항되는 선박은 미국내 소재 또는 미국민이 소유하거나 운영하는 항구나 시설 등을 이용하여야 한다는 강제규정이다. 타 국가의 선박에 대한 차별성으로 WTO 일반이사회 등에서 많은 논란이 제기된 바 있지만 국가 안보에 해당한다는 이유로 예외조항이 됐다. 한미FTA 협상에서 김종훈 수석대표는 쌀개방을 요구하려면 존스액트를 폐지하라고 하여, 미국으로부터 쌀개방을 막아냈다. (ko)
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- Emergency Shipping Act, 1917; Rate Emergency Act, 1918; Shipping Act, 1916, § 5, 7, 8; (en)
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- An act to provide for the promotion and maintenance of the American merchant marine, to repeal certain emergency legislation, and provide for the disposition, regulation, and use of property acquired thereunder, and for other purposes. (en)
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- Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (en)
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- ( 다른 뜻에 대해서는 존스 법 문서를 참고하십시오.) 존스액트(영어: Jones Act)는 1920년에 제정된 미국의 법률(Merchant Marine Act of 1920)의 제27조를 지칭한다. 미국 내에서 선박수송시 운항되는 선박은 미국내 소재 또는 미국민이 소유하거나 운영하는 항구나 시설 등을 이용하여야 한다는 강제규정이다. 타 국가의 선박에 대한 차별성으로 WTO 일반이사회 등에서 많은 논란이 제기된 바 있지만 국가 안보에 해당한다는 이유로 예외조항이 됐다. 한미FTA 협상에서 김종훈 수석대표는 쌀개방을 요구하려면 존스액트를 폐지하라고 하여, 미국으로부터 쌀개방을 막아냈다. (ko)
- Der Jones Act ist ein US-Bundesgesetz, das den Seehandel in den Gewässern der USA und zwischen US-Häfen betrifft. Durch Kabotageregelungen wird der Schiffsverkehr zwischen US-Häfen grundsätzlich auf Schiffe beschränkt, die in den USA hergestellt wurden, US-Staatsangehörigen gehören und von US-Bürgern betrieben werden. Ausländischen Unternehmern ist es auf Grund des „Jones Act“ prinzipiell untersagt, den direkten Transport von Gütern und Passagieren zwischen US-Häfen anzubieten sowie im Ausland gebaute oder erneuerte Schiffe für diesen Zweck zum Verkauf anzubieten oder zu vermieten. (de)
- The Merchant Marine Act of 1920 is a United States federal statute that provides for the promotion and maintenance of the American merchant marine. Among other purposes, the law regulates maritime commerce in U.S. waters and between U.S. ports. Section 27 of the Merchant Marine Act is known as the Jones Act and deals with cabotage (coastwise trade). It requires that all goods transported by water between U.S. ports be carried on ships that have been constructed in the United States and that fly the U.S. flag, are owned by U.S. citizens, and are crewed by U.S. citizens and U.S. permanent residents. The act was introduced by Senator Wesley Jones. The law also defines certain seaman's rights. (en)
- Le Jones Act ou Merchant Marine Act of 1920 est une loi de 1920 qui oblige les bateaux faisant du cabotage aux États-Unis à être construits aux États-Unis, à battre pavillon américain, à être détenus par un Américain et à avoir un équipage américain. Cette loi est toujours en vigueur en dépit de la création de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce, en tant que dérogation, car elle avait été adoptée avant la création de l'Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce, dans le but d'assurer des réserves en ce qui a trait aux transports maritimes en cas de conflit militaire. (fr)
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- Jones Act (de)
- Jones Act (fr)
- Merchant Marine Act of 1920 (en)
- 존스액트 (ko)
- Merchant Marine Act (nl)
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