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- The man on the Clapham omnibus is a hypothetical ordinary and reasonable person, used by the courts in English law where it is necessary to decide whether a party has acted as a reasonable person would – for example, in a civil action for negligence. The character is a reasonably educated, intelligent but nondescript person, against whom the defendant's conduct can be measured. The term was introduced into English law during the Victorian era, and is still an important concept in British law. It is also used in other Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, sometimes with suitable modifications to the phrase as an aid to local comprehension. The route of the original "Clapham omnibus" is unknown but London Buses route 88 was briefly branded as "the Clapham Omnibus" in the 1990s and is sometimes associated with the term. (en)
- 克拉彭公交车上的人（the man on the Clapham omnibus）是一个假设的模型。在英国法里，法院通过该模型判断案件当事人的行为是否符合理性人标准。尤其对于过失侵权的民事诉讼。克拉彭公交车上的人是一位有教养的、智慧而又聪颖的普通人。被告的行为将以此标准予以检验。法官格里尔LJ （Greer LJ）在霍尔诉布鲁克兰兹赛车俱乐部一案中（Hall v. Brooklands Auto-Racing Club (1933) 1 KB 205）运用了这个概念，即被告应当符合注意标准以防被确认存在过失。 该词组由理查德·汉·科林斯MR爵士（Sir Richard Henn Collins MR）在1903年的一起涉及诽谤的麦夸尔诉西方晨报案（McQuire v. Western Morning News）中首次用于法律用途。他将其归功于鲍恩勋爵（Lord Bowen），后者在1871年蒂奇伯恩案（Tichborne case）将其作为初级律师的辩护理由。布鲁尔辞典（Brewer's Dictionary）将首次使用的时点界定于该案件。 记者沃尔特·白哲特（Walter Bagehot）在19世纪描述伦敦的普通百姓时说道：“公共意见就是那个坐在公交车后排秃顶男人的意见。”克拉彭当时在伦敦是一座不起眼的、人来人往的郊区。其被视为平凡伦敦的写照。单词（omnibus）过去被用于称作公交车，但自20世纪以后在审判领域得到广泛使用。 在加拿大，专利法就显著性的问题在著名的贝罗伊特诉维尔米特案（Beloit v. Valmet Oy (1986), C.P.R. (3d) 289）中借鉴了该词汇。在澳大利亚，“克拉彭特公交车”一词影响了新南威尔士州和维多利亚，从而形成了“邦迪电车上的人”（the man on the Bondi tram）。在香港，对应词汇是“筲箕湾电车上的人”（the man on the Shaukiwan Tram）。 (zh)
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- The man on the Clapham omnibus is a hypothetical ordinary and reasonable person, used by the courts in English law where it is necessary to decide whether a party has acted as a reasonable person would – for example, in a civil action for negligence. The character is a reasonably educated, intelligent but nondescript person, against whom the defendant's conduct can be measured. (en)
- 克拉彭公交车上的人（the man on the Clapham omnibus）是一个假设的模型。在英国法里，法院通过该模型判断案件当事人的行为是否符合理性人标准。尤其对于过失侵权的民事诉讼。克拉彭公交车上的人是一位有教养的、智慧而又聪颖的普通人。被告的行为将以此标准予以检验。法官格里尔LJ （Greer LJ）在霍尔诉布鲁克兰兹赛车俱乐部一案中（Hall v. Brooklands Auto-Racing Club (1933) 1 KB 205）运用了这个概念，即被告应当符合注意标准以防被确认存在过失。 该词组由理查德·汉·科林斯MR爵士（Sir Richard Henn Collins MR）在1903年的一起涉及诽谤的麦夸尔诉西方晨报案（McQuire v. Western Morning News）中首次用于法律用途。他将其归功于鲍恩勋爵（Lord Bowen），后者在1871年蒂奇伯恩案（Tichborne case）将其作为初级律师的辩护理由。布鲁尔辞典（Brewer's Dictionary）将首次使用的时点界定于该案件。 (zh)
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- Man on the Clapham omnibus (en)
- 克拉彭公交车上的人 (zh)
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