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- The Kyungshin, Kyŏngsin or Gyeongsin Famine (Korean: 경신대기근) took place from 1670 to 1671 during the reign of King Hyeonjong of the Joseon Dynasty. It was among the deadliest famines ever to strike Korea and its exceptional death tole stemmed from several interlocking causes. The famine occurred at the coldest point of the Little Ice Age in Korea. In late February 1670 heavy snow and hail battered crops in Seoul; several days later Gyeongsang Province was struck by massive hailstones. By the time of the spring harvest and summer planting season in April, severe frost, hail, and snow struck every part of the kingdom killing most plants as they began to germinate. These cold shocks would continue until the summer harvest season in July, leaving the country dangerously short of food. Korea was also struck by an unprecedented wave of earthquakes in 1670 which began during the first week of the year. The damage wrought by seismic activity exacerbated the problems caused by frost and drought. Weakened by hunger, many farmers were unable to resist epidemics which began to rage throughout the countryside. Human illness was accompanied and often preceded by outbreaks of Rinderpest which devastated livestock. The shortage of oxen and cattle would make spring plowing the following year even more difficult. These calamities were bracketed by an unprecedented array of inauspicious celestial phenomena, beginning on New Years Day 1670, which included solar and lunar halos, comets, and meteor showers, spreading panic throughout the nation. Without grain the peasantry began to devour their horses, cattle, and dogs. Some were driven to such desperation by hunger that they unearthed the corpses of their erstwhile neighbors. Disease was rampant, and while many died of deadly plagues such as smallpox and measles, others weakened by hunger, would perish from the previously minor illnesses such as dysentery. The death tole from disease alone may have been higher than that inflicted the Japanese invasions of the prior century. In total around 100,000 people perished in 1671 with even more dying in 1670. Approximately 56,000 were stricken by illness including one fifth of Seoul's population. In total, 360 villages were afflicted by the famine, which was most deadly in the agriculturally productive south. In Gyeongsang Province, where records survive, at least 25% of the population was starving by May 1670, and in Joella province up to 54% of the population may have perished by the end of 1671. Estimates of the final death tole vary widely with scholars citing between 100,000 and one million dead, an unprecedented disaster. In total, scholars estimate that the Kyungshin famine and the Eulbyeong famine in the years 1695–1696 may have killed 23-33% of Korea's population. The countryside remained scarred by these calamities and population growth would remain depressed for most of the 18th century. At the time, the king offered titles and exemptions from military service to those willing to provide grain. The famine and its consequences seriously delegitimized the ruling Joseon Dynasty and would have consequences for years to come. (en)
- 경신 대기근(庚辛大飢饉)은 조선 현종 재위기간인 1670년(경술년)과 1671년(신해년)에 있었던 대기근이다. 한국 역사상 전대미문의 기아 사태였으며, 그 결과는 파멸적이었다. 조선 8도 전체의 이라는 초유의 사태가 발생했으며, 당시 조선 인구의 1200~1400만 명중 약 최소 15만에서 최대 85만 명이 사망하는 피해를 입었다. 《조선왕조실록》 〈현종실록〉과 〈현종개수실록〉을 살펴보면 1670년 한 해동안 온갖 자연재해가 집중해서 일어났으며, 이듬해인 1671년에 조정에서 구휼에 적극적으로 나섬에도 불구하고 엄청난 수의 백성들이 죽어갔음을 알 수 있다. 경신 대기근은 소빙기로 인한 17세기의 범세계적 기상이변의 연장선에 있었으며, 20여년 뒤 숙종 재위기인 1695년의 을병대기근 때 다시 심각한 피해를 입는다. 이 때 사람들은 농사기구인 소를 관청에 신고하지 않고 도살했으며, 심하면 사람고기까지 먹었다고 한다. 그러나 나라는 처벌도 하지 못했다고 한다. (ko)
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- 경신 대기근(庚辛大飢饉)은 조선 현종 재위기간인 1670년(경술년)과 1671년(신해년)에 있었던 대기근이다. 한국 역사상 전대미문의 기아 사태였으며, 그 결과는 파멸적이었다. 조선 8도 전체의 이라는 초유의 사태가 발생했으며, 당시 조선 인구의 1200~1400만 명중 약 최소 15만에서 최대 85만 명이 사망하는 피해를 입었다. 《조선왕조실록》 〈현종실록〉과 〈현종개수실록〉을 살펴보면 1670년 한 해동안 온갖 자연재해가 집중해서 일어났으며, 이듬해인 1671년에 조정에서 구휼에 적극적으로 나섬에도 불구하고 엄청난 수의 백성들이 죽어갔음을 알 수 있다. 경신 대기근은 소빙기로 인한 17세기의 범세계적 기상이변의 연장선에 있었으며, 20여년 뒤 숙종 재위기인 1695년의 을병대기근 때 다시 심각한 피해를 입는다. 이 때 사람들은 농사기구인 소를 관청에 신고하지 않고 도살했으며, 심하면 사람고기까지 먹었다고 한다. 그러나 나라는 처벌도 하지 못했다고 한다. (ko)
- The Kyungshin, Kyŏngsin or Gyeongsin Famine (Korean: 경신대기근) took place from 1670 to 1671 during the reign of King Hyeonjong of the Joseon Dynasty. It was among the deadliest famines ever to strike Korea and its exceptional death tole stemmed from several interlocking causes. (en)
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