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- جون ويليام أتكينسون (بالإنجليزية: John William Atkinson) هو عالم نفس أمريكي، ولد في 31 ديسمبر 1923 في جيرسي سيتي في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 27 أكتوبر 2003 في تشيلسي في الولايات المتحدة. (ar)
- John William Atkinson, auch Jack Atkinson (* 31. Dezember 1923 in Jersey City, New Jersey; † 27. Oktober 2003 in , Michigan) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychologe, der im Bereich der Verhaltens- und Motivationspsychologie forschte. (de)
- John William Atkinson (December 31, 1923 – October 27, 2003), also known as Jack Atkinson, was an American psychologist who pioneered the scientific study of human motivation, achievement and behavior. He was a World War II veteran, teacher, scholar, and long term member of the University of Michigan community. Atkinson was a leader in establishing motivation as a distinct field of study in psychology research. His belief that scientific progress came from conceptual breakthroughs fueled his formulation and reformulation of a theory of motivation. He was one of the first in psychology to incorporate rigorous mathematical models in his theories and to use computer simulations of these models for experimentation. He also recognized the importance of measurement in science, maintaining a career-long interest in the refinement of measures of motivation by means of content analysis of imaginative thought using, for example, the Thematic Apperception Test which he developed jointly with his mentor David C. McClelland. He is well known for establishing measures for motives of achievement, affiliation, fear, sex, risk-taking behavior, and aggression. His discipline-changing ideas were followed around the world. In recognition, he received in 1979 the American Psychological Association's highest award, the Gold Medal for Distinguished Scientific Contributions. Atkinson was born in Jersey City, NJ, to Frank G. and Wilhelmina "Minnie" Atkinson. He attended public schools in Oradell NJ, graduating from Dwight Morrow High School in Englewood NJ. He enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps, earning his wings in 1944. He served as an advanced instrument flight instructor for the B-25 and other bombers. On earning his wings Jack married his high-school sweetheart Mary Jane Wanta. They were married in 1944 in Macon, GA. After the war Atkinson completed his undergraduate psychology degree with Honors at Wesleyan University, graduating in the middle of the 1946-47 academic year. As a lecturer at Wesleyan University, he began to pursue his interests in basic research on the arousal of human needs and behavior with the financial support of the Office of Naval Research and collaboration with David McClelland. Atkinson was awarded his doctorate in Psychology in 1950 at the University of Michigan. He was invited to join the faculty of the University of Michigan in the Psychology Department where he remained his entire career (1950 - 1985). Atkinson was devoted to the teaching of undergraduates throughout his career. As one of the original founders of the University of Michigan's Honors Program in the College of Literature, Science and the Arts, Professor Atkinson fostered unique opportunities and created multi-disciplinary courses to challenge undergraduate students. He authored and edited many books and articles on the scientific study of human motivation, achievement and behavior. Many of his books have been translated into other languages, including Russian, German, and Spanish. His theoretical and experimental work spanned decades and spawned many doctorates. Atkinson was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1979. Other awards and honors include a Guggenheim Fellowship (1960), participation twice as a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, Fellow of the American Psychological Association, an Honorary Doctorate from Ruhr University, Germany, Wesleyan University Distinguished Alumni Award, the Association for Psychological Science: William James Fellow Award, and the American Psychological Association's highest award, the Gold Medal for Distinguished Scientific Contribution. Atkinson was honored on his retirement with a special colloquium at the University which brought together a number of his former students and colleagues who spoke of his inspiration and contributions to the science of human motivation. He was named Professor Emeritus in 1985. Atkinson insisted on ethical behavior and highly valued the fundamental freedoms on which the USA was founded. An expression of his support for a free press was his role as a member of the Board of Control of the Michigan Daily during the turbulent 1960s. In the early 1970s, his beliefs led him to become outraged by the behavior of President Richard M. Nixon, whom he viewed as a threat to liberty and justice. Jack organized and led public meetings and demonstrations denouncing President Nixon and vigorously promoted Nixon's impeachment by Congress. (en)
- ジョン・ウィリアム・アトキンソン（英: John William Atkinson、1923年12月31日 - 2003年10月27日）とは、アメリカ合衆国の心理学者。 (ja)
- John William Atkinson (ur. 1923, zm. 2003) – amerykański psycholog. Współtwórca modelu procesu motywacyjnego podkreślającego rolę czynników poznawczych. Prowadził badania nad motywacją osiągnięć. Był profesorem University of Michigan w Ann Arbor. Atkinson współpracował z Davidem McClellandem, z którym wspólnie stworzyli w latach 60. model motywacji rozumianej jako iloczynowa funkcja wartości celu i oczekiwań dotyczących jego osiągnięcia. Według tego modelu tendencja do podjęcia działania jest zależna od:1) tego, jaka jest subiektywnie postrzegana wartość celu,2) tego, jak jest subiektywnie postrzegane prawdopodobieństwa osiągnięcia założonego celu. Według tego modelu postrzegana wartość celu maleje wraz ze wzrostem prawdopodobieństwa, że zostanie on osiągnięty. Poza tym zależność między prawdopodobieństwem i motywacją przybiera postać funkcji w kształcie odwróconej litery U. Znaczy to, że poziom motywacji jest niski, kiedy prawdopodobieństwo osiągnięcia celu jest bardzo niskie i kiedy jest ono bardzo wysokie. (pl)
- John William Atkinson (Jersey City, 31 dicembre 1923 – 27 ottobre 2003) è stato uno psicologo statunitense. Prese parte alla seconda guerra mondiale, insegnò e fu un membro della comunità dell'Università del Michigan. (it)
- John William Atkinson, född 1923, död 2003, var en amerikansk psykolog. Han var professor vid University of Michigan. Han forskade på motivation. Han arbetade med David McClelland. (sv)
- 约翰·威廉·阿特金森（英語：John William Atkinson，1923年12月31日－2003年10月27日）是一位美国心理学家，对人类 动机、成就和行为进行科学研究的先驱。他也是第二次世界大战退伍军人、教师、学者、和密歇根大学Community长期会员。 阿特金森使得动机成为心理学研究的一个独特领域。他相信科学的进步来自于从概念上的突破，这帮助了动机理论的形成与发展。他是最早在心理学中将理论上的严格的数学模型与实验模型中的使用计算机模拟结合起来的人之一。他也认识到科学测量的重要性，终生保持了对于人类动机精确测量的兴趣，尤其是的内容分析。他的学科转化discipline-changing思想为全世界所效法。1979年，他获得美国心理学会的最高奖，科学杰出贡献金质奖章. 阿特金森出生于美国新泽西州的泽西城，父亲是弗兰克 G.阿特金森，母亲是威廉敏娜·阿特金森。他就读于新泽西州Oradell的公立学校，毕业于新泽西州英格尔伍德的德怀特·Morrow 中学。1944年，阿特金森应征入伍，加入美国空军，担任B-25等轰炸机的领航员。1944年，阿特金森与他中学时代的情侣玛丽·简在乔治亚州梅肯结婚。 战后，在1946-1947学年的中间，阿特金森在卫斯连大学完成尚未取得的心理学学位。此后他得到海军研究局的资助，开始从事人类需要与行为激励的基础研究。1950年，阿特金森获得密歇根大学心理学博士学位。此后，他一直任教于密歇根大学心理学系。阿特金森是该大学文理学院的 Honor's Program的创始人之一，阿特金森教授在一个独特的时机，创设了多学科课程，来挑战在校大学生。他创作和编写了许多关于人类动机、成就与行为科学研究的著作和文章。阿特金森是最早在心理学中将理论上的严格的数学模型与实验模型中的使用计算机模拟结合起来的人之一。他的理论和实验工作持续了数十年之久，产生许多博士学位。 阿特金森获得许多荣誉，包括被选为美国文理科学院院士，2次成为斯坦福大学行为科学先行研究中心成员，美国心理学会会员，德国鲁尔大学荣誉博士，和美国心理学会得最高奖，科学杰出贡献金质奖章。阿特金森退休时，大学为他召开特别讨论会，许多从前的学生和同事前来参加，说到他对人类动机科学的灵感和贡献。1985年，他被命名为荣誉教授。 阿特金森坚持 ethical 行为，高度评价美国的基本自由。在躁动的1960年代，他是密歇根日报管理委员会的成员之一。1970年代初，阿特金森的信仰促使他对总统理查德·尼克松威胁自由与正义的行为感到愤怒，组织和领导公共集会，谴责尼克松总统，促使国会通过对尼克松的弹劾。 (zh)
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- جون ويليام أتكينسون (بالإنجليزية: John William Atkinson) هو عالم نفس أمريكي، ولد في 31 ديسمبر 1923 في جيرسي سيتي في الولايات المتحدة، وتوفي في 27 أكتوبر 2003 في تشيلسي في الولايات المتحدة. (ar)
- John William Atkinson, auch Jack Atkinson (* 31. Dezember 1923 in Jersey City, New Jersey; † 27. Oktober 2003 in , Michigan) war ein US-amerikanischer Psychologe, der im Bereich der Verhaltens- und Motivationspsychologie forschte. (de)
- ジョン・ウィリアム・アトキンソン（英: John William Atkinson、1923年12月31日 - 2003年10月27日）とは、アメリカ合衆国の心理学者。 (ja)
- John William Atkinson (Jersey City, 31 dicembre 1923 – 27 ottobre 2003) è stato uno psicologo statunitense. Prese parte alla seconda guerra mondiale, insegnò e fu un membro della comunità dell'Università del Michigan. (it)
- John William Atkinson, född 1923, död 2003, var en amerikansk psykolog. Han var professor vid University of Michigan. Han forskade på motivation. Han arbetade med David McClelland. (sv)
- John William Atkinson (December 31, 1923 – October 27, 2003), also known as Jack Atkinson, was an American psychologist who pioneered the scientific study of human motivation, achievement and behavior. He was a World War II veteran, teacher, scholar, and long term member of the University of Michigan community. (en)
- John William Atkinson (ur. 1923, zm. 2003) – amerykański psycholog. Współtwórca modelu procesu motywacyjnego podkreślającego rolę czynników poznawczych. Prowadził badania nad motywacją osiągnięć. Był profesorem University of Michigan w Ann Arbor. (pl)
- 约翰·威廉·阿特金森（英語：John William Atkinson，1923年12月31日－2003年10月27日）是一位美国心理学家，对人类 动机、成就和行为进行科学研究的先驱。他也是第二次世界大战退伍军人、教师、学者、和密歇根大学Community长期会员。 阿特金森使得动机成为心理学研究的一个独特领域。他相信科学的进步来自于从概念上的突破，这帮助了动机理论的形成与发展。他是最早在心理学中将理论上的严格的数学模型与实验模型中的使用计算机模拟结合起来的人之一。他也认识到科学测量的重要性，终生保持了对于人类动机精确测量的兴趣，尤其是的内容分析。他的学科转化discipline-changing思想为全世界所效法。1979年，他获得美国心理学会的最高奖，科学杰出贡献金质奖章. 阿特金森出生于美国新泽西州的泽西城，父亲是弗兰克 G.阿特金森，母亲是威廉敏娜·阿特金森。他就读于新泽西州Oradell的公立学校，毕业于新泽西州英格尔伍德的德怀特·Morrow 中学。1944年，阿特金森应征入伍，加入美国空军，担任B-25等轰炸机的领航员。1944年，阿特金森与他中学时代的情侣玛丽·简在乔治亚州梅肯结婚。 (zh)
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