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- The International Professional Hockey League (IPHL) was the first fully professional ice hockey league, operating from 1904 to 1907. It was formed by Jack "Doc" Gibson, a dentist who played hockey throughout Ontario before settling in Houghton, Michigan. The IPHL was a five team circuit which included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Calumet, Michigan and Houghton. The IPHL was instrumental in changing the nature of top-level senior men's ice hockey from amateur to professional. In the time period around 1900, leagues in Canada fought against the professionalization of athletics. John Ross Robertson was quoted in the newspapers of the day as saying "for self preservation, the stand of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA) against the professionalism of Pittsburgh, Houghton, Calumet and the Soo must be uncompromisingly antagonistic ... Any player who figures on any of these teams must be banished from Ontario Hockey." Leagues in Canada had been accused of paying individual players for several years and, in fact, Doc Gibson played on a team expelled from the Ontario Hockey Association in 1898 for paying some of its players. However, it was not until the Portage Lakes Hockey Club and the formation of the IPHL in 1904 that any hockey league achieved full-fledged professional status. (en)
- L'International Professional Hockey League, en français la Ligue internationale de hockey, est une ligue de hockey sur glace professionnelle du début du XXe siècle. Il s'agit de la première compétition officielle de hockey sur glace qui accorde un statut professionnel à ses joueurs dans un monde du hockey qui se revendique amateur. (fr)
- L'International Professional Hockey League fu il primo campionato di hockey su ghiaccio interamente professionista. Nata nel 1904 e scomparsa nel 1907, coinvolgeva cinque squadre, quattro statunitensi ed una canadese. (it)
- International Professional Hockey League, IPHL, var en nordamerikansk professionell ishockeyliga verksam åren 1904–1907. (sv)
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- L'International Professional Hockey League, en français la Ligue internationale de hockey, est une ligue de hockey sur glace professionnelle du début du XXe siècle. Il s'agit de la première compétition officielle de hockey sur glace qui accorde un statut professionnel à ses joueurs dans un monde du hockey qui se revendique amateur. (fr)
- L'International Professional Hockey League fu il primo campionato di hockey su ghiaccio interamente professionista. Nata nel 1904 e scomparsa nel 1907, coinvolgeva cinque squadre, quattro statunitensi ed una canadese. (it)
- International Professional Hockey League, IPHL, var en nordamerikansk professionell ishockeyliga verksam åren 1904–1907. (sv)
- The International Professional Hockey League (IPHL) was the first fully professional ice hockey league, operating from 1904 to 1907. It was formed by Jack "Doc" Gibson, a dentist who played hockey throughout Ontario before settling in Houghton, Michigan. The IPHL was a five team circuit which included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Calumet, Michigan and Houghton. The IPHL was instrumental in changing the nature of top-level senior men's ice hockey from amateur to professional. (en)
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