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The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is a union of wage workers which was formed in Chicago in 1905 by militant unionists and their supporters due to anger over the conservatism, philosophy, and craft-based structure of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Throughout the early part of the 20th century, the philosophy and tactics of the IWW were frequently in direct conflict with those of the AFL (forerunner of the AFL–CIO) concerning the best ways to organize workers, and how to best improve the society in which they toiled. The AFL had one guiding principle—"pure and simple trade unionism", often summarized with the slogan "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." The IWW embraced two guiding principles, fighting like the AFL for better wages, hours, and conditions, but also promo

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  • The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is a union of wage workers which was formed in Chicago in 1905 by militant unionists and their supporters due to anger over the conservatism, philosophy, and craft-based structure of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Throughout the early part of the 20th century, the philosophy and tactics of the IWW were frequently in direct conflict with those of the AFL (forerunner of the AFL–CIO) concerning the best ways to organize workers, and how to best improve the society in which they toiled. The AFL had one guiding principle—"pure and simple trade unionism", often summarized with the slogan "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." The IWW embraced two guiding principles, fighting like the AFL for better wages, hours, and conditions, but also promoting an eventual, permanent solution to the problems of strikes, injunctions, bull pens, and union scabbing. The AFL and the IWW (whose members are referred to as Wobblies) had very different ideas about the ideal union structure. While the AFL primarily organized workers into their respective crafts, the IWW was created as an industrial union, placing all workers in a factory, mine, mill, or other place of business into the same industrial organization. The IWW also promotes the class-based concept of One Big Union. The IWW was formed by militant unionists, socialists, anarchists, and other labor radicals who believed that the great mass of workers are exploited by, and are in an economic struggle with, an employing class. The IWW employed a great diversity of tactics aimed at organizing all workers as a class, seeking greater economic justice on the job and, ultimately, the overthrow of the wage system which they believe is most responsible for keeping workers in subjugation. Such tactics are generally described as direct action, which is distinguished from other types of reform efforts such as electoral politics. IWW members believe that change accomplished via politics depends upon appeal to members of a ruling class who derive benefit from the subservient quiescence of the working class. While other unions (such as the CIO) adopted form and tactics—notably, industrial unionism and the sit down strike—which were developed or pioneered by the IWW, labor laws passed by legislatures have sought to steadily erode the range and diversity of methods employed by all labor organizations. Confronted with such obstacles, militant IWW members tend to believe in a return to a union philosophy that was common a century ago, in which unjust labor laws are challenged directly by union actions, rather than accepted as a framework within which the union must operate. (en)
  • 세계산업노동자연맹의 철학과 전술(philosophy and tactics of the Industrial Workers of the World)은 노동자를 조직하고 사회를 진보시키기 위한 수단을 둘러싸고 미국노동총연맹(AFL, 현 미국 최대 노총인 AFL-CIO의 전신)과 20세기 전반 내내 을 치렀다. 세계산업노동자연맹(IWW)는 1905년 시카고에서 전투적 노조운동가들과 그 지지자들이 AFL의 보수적 철학과 직종에 반발하여 설립한, 미국 최초의 산별노조 노총이었다. AFL은 "순수하고 간결한 노동조합"을 표방했으며, 그들의 입장은 “”이라는 구호로 요약되었다. 한편 IWW는 AFL처럼 임금, 노동시간, 노동환경의 개선을 위한 투쟁에도 참여했지만, 동시에 노조에 대해 가해지는 탄압(각종 가처분 명령, 노조파괴, 구사대 등)에 대한 최종적이고 영구적인 해결책을 찾고자 했다. AFL과 IWW는 이상적인 노조 구조에 대해서 매우 다른 관념을 가지고 있었다. AFL은 각 직종별로 노동자들을 조직한 반면, IWW는 공장, 광산 등 개별 작업장들의 모든 노동자를 하나의 노조로 조직화하는 산별노조를 지향했다. 또한 IWW는 계급투쟁 개념에 기초하여 모든 노동자 계급이 하나의 노조로 조직화된다는 단일거대노조 개념을 고취시켰다. IWW는 전투적 노조조직가, 사회주의자, 무정부주의자를 비롯한 노동계 급진파로 이루어져 있었으며, 이들은 절대 다수 노동자가 고용주 계급에게 착취당하며, 그들과 경제적 투쟁 상태에 있다고 보았다. IWW는 모든 노동자를 하나의 계급으로 조직화하기 위해 다양한 전술들을 시도했고, 최종적으로는 노동자들을 그런 예속 상태에 머무르게 하는 원흉이라고 생각되는 임금경제체제 자체를 전복시킬 것을 꾀하였다. 이런 IWW의 전술들은 소위 직접행동이라고 하며, 선거정치를 통한 개혁 시도 등과 구분된다. IWW 조합원들은 정치적 수단이란 지배계급에게 호소하여 노동계급의 굴종적 침묵을 유지시키는 대가로 소기의 타협을 받아내는 것에 불과하다고 생각했다. IWW가 개발하고 선도한 투쟁 방식들, 예컨대 산별노조와 연좌파업 등은 다른 노동조합들( 등)도 받아들였다. 하지만 입법부에서 통과시킨 노동법들은 이런 노동조직들의 방법론들을 질적 양적 양면으로 마멸시켜갔다. 이런 경화증적 상황에 맞서, 오늘날의 IWW 조합원들 중 전투적인 이들은 주어진 틀 안에서 노조가 활동해야 한다는 관념을 거부하고, 부당한 노동법에 직접적 단체행동으로 도전했던 한 세기 전의 철학으로 회귀해야 한다고 생각한다. (ko)
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  • The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is a union of wage workers which was formed in Chicago in 1905 by militant unionists and their supporters due to anger over the conservatism, philosophy, and craft-based structure of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Throughout the early part of the 20th century, the philosophy and tactics of the IWW were frequently in direct conflict with those of the AFL (forerunner of the AFL–CIO) concerning the best ways to organize workers, and how to best improve the society in which they toiled. The AFL had one guiding principle—"pure and simple trade unionism", often summarized with the slogan "a fair day's pay for a fair day's work." The IWW embraced two guiding principles, fighting like the AFL for better wages, hours, and conditions, but also promo (en)
  • 세계산업노동자연맹의 철학과 전술(philosophy and tactics of the Industrial Workers of the World)은 노동자를 조직하고 사회를 진보시키기 위한 수단을 둘러싸고 미국노동총연맹(AFL, 현 미국 최대 노총인 AFL-CIO의 전신)과 20세기 전반 내내 을 치렀다. 세계산업노동자연맹(IWW)는 1905년 시카고에서 전투적 노조운동가들과 그 지지자들이 AFL의 보수적 철학과 직종에 반발하여 설립한, 미국 최초의 산별노조 노총이었다. AFL은 "순수하고 간결한 노동조합"을 표방했으며, 그들의 입장은 “”이라는 구호로 요약되었다. 한편 IWW는 AFL처럼 임금, 노동시간, 노동환경의 개선을 위한 투쟁에도 참여했지만, 동시에 노조에 대해 가해지는 탄압(각종 가처분 명령, 노조파괴, 구사대 등)에 대한 최종적이고 영구적인 해결책을 찾고자 했다. (ko)
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  • Industrial Workers of the World philosophy and tactics (en)
  • 세계산업노동자연맹의 철학과 전술 (ko)
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