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- The IBM System/360 Model 20 is the smallest member of the IBM System/360 family announced in November 1964. The Model 20 supports only a subset of the System/360 instruction set, with binary numbers limited to 16 bits and no floating point. In later years it would have been classified as a 16-bit minicomputer rather than a mainframe, but the term "minicomputer" was not current, and in any case IBM wanted to emphasize the compatibility of the Model 20 rather than its differences from the rest of the System/360 line. It does, however, have the full System/360 decimal instruction set, that allows for addition, subtraction, product, and dividend of up to 31 decimal digits. Developed by IBM in Böblingen, Germany, the system was intended for data processing and as a replacement for tab equipment. An incompatible small computer, the IBM 1130 introduced the following year, was designed for scientific and engineering computing. The design of the Model 20 was the result of a tug of war within IBM. John Haanstra had wanted a low-end machine that could execute IBM 1401 instructions. Fred Brooks wanted the machine to have System/360 architecture. The final result was a compromise where cost concerns predominated: the system leased for under $2000 per month including and line printer, compared to around $3000 for a comparable 1401. Based on number of systems sold the Model 20 was the most successful model of System/360. According to Pugh "The number of Model 20 processors installed by the end of 1970 in the United States exceeded 7,400." Other models, however, brought in greater revenue. Despite their popularity there are relatively few Model 20s in existence in working condition in 2020. (en)
- System/360モデル20（システムさんろくまるモデル20、英語: IBM System/360 Model 20）は1964年に発表されたIBM社のメインフレーム・System/360コンピューター・ファミリーの最小型機種として1966年に追加発表されたもので、他の上位モデルと違って機能制限が多かったが、廉価モデルなので、日本でも広く使われていた。 モデル20はドイツIBM配下のボブリンゲン研究所で開発された。 (ja)
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- An IBM System/360 Model 20, with IBM 1442 at right and IBM 2203 line printer on left (en)
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- File:IBM Logo 1956 1972.svg (en)
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- International Business Machines Corporation (en)
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- System/360モデル20（システムさんろくまるモデル20、英語: IBM System/360 Model 20）は1964年に発表されたIBM社のメインフレーム・System/360コンピューター・ファミリーの最小型機種として1966年に追加発表されたもので、他の上位モデルと違って機能制限が多かったが、廉価モデルなので、日本でも広く使われていた。 モデル20はドイツIBM配下のボブリンゲン研究所で開発された。 (ja)
- The IBM System/360 Model 20 is the smallest member of the IBM System/360 family announced in November 1964. The Model 20 supports only a subset of the System/360 instruction set, with binary numbers limited to 16 bits and no floating point. In later years it would have been classified as a 16-bit minicomputer rather than a mainframe, but the term "minicomputer" was not current, and in any case IBM wanted to emphasize the compatibility of the Model 20 rather than its differences from the rest of the System/360 line. It does, however, have the full System/360 decimal instruction set, that allows for addition, subtraction, product, and dividend of up to 31 decimal digits. (en)
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- IBM System/360 Model 20 (en)
- System/360モデル20 (ja)
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