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- The mandolin is a modern member of the lute family, dating back to Italy in the 18th century. The instrument was played across Europe but then disappeared after the Napoleonic Wars. Credit for creating the modern bowlback version of the instrument goes to the Vinaccia family of Naples. The deep bowled mandolin, especially the Neapolitan form, became common in the 19th century, following the appearance of an international hit, the Spanish Students. They toured Europe and America, and their performances created a stir that helped the mandolin to become widely popular. Although the modern instruments date to the 18th century, ancestral instruments of similar construction and range, the mandore and gittern, were used across Europe (including Spain, Italy, England, France, Germany and Poland) centuries earlier. These instruments developed from short-handled lutes that entered Christian Europe from Muslim Sicily and Spain. Muslims picked these instruments in Central Asia, calling them barbat and oud. Residents of Asia were playing them as far back as the 2nd century A.D. (en)
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- Bartolomeo Bortolazzi (en)
- Giovanni Vailati, blind mandolinist of Cremona (en)
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- Bartolomeo Bortolazzi (en)
- Musical bows have survived in some parts of Africa. (en)
- Bow Harp or Harp Lute, West Africa (en)
- Hunting bow or musical instrument on cave wall (en)
- Cremonese mandolin with 4 strings, from an 1805 book by Bartolomeo Bortolazzi. (en)
- Giovanni Vailati, "Blind mandolinist of Cremona," toured Europe in the 1850s. (en)
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- 0001-03-16 (xsd:gMonthDay)
- 1700.0
- Fltr: 1: A European lute player from the Cantigas de Santa Maria, late 13th century. Round "rose" soundholes were a Christian feature.; 2: The Cantigas of Santa Maria shows musicians with three-string instruments, shaped like a small 4-course gittern or rebec.; 3: Juan Oliver's c. 1330 painting at Pamplona Cathedral, showing a musician playing a gittern; 4: Oud or lute painted in the Cappella Palatina in Sicily, 12th century. (en)
- The instruments predating the 18th century (en)
- Fltr: 1: Mandolino made in Cremona, Italy by Antonio Stradivari, c. 1680. May have had a pegboard instead of the instrument's current pegbox.; 2: Mandolino player, c. 1736. Painting by Giacomo Francesco Cipper; 3: Lombardic mandolin and mandola, Milan late 1790s. The mandola is 91 x 31.6 cm, scale length 59.5 cm. The mandolin is 56.3 x 19.9 cm, scale 31.5 cm.; 4: Neapolitan mandolin made between 1767 and 1784 by Vicenzo Vinaccia. (en)
- : Luthier and mandolin virtuoso, Raffaele Calace, with his mandolin-family creation, the liuto cantabile; : Pasquale Vinaccia, "perfector of the modern Italian mandolin". (en)
- : Hellenistic banquet scene from the 1st century AD, Hadda, Gandhara. Lute player far right.; : Spanish stele of a girl with a pandura, 2nd century A.D. (en)
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- Early Spanish and Italian lutes (en)
- Mandolino, mandolin (en)
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- Illustration of Homme masque en Bison jourant de la flute Wellcome M0004767.jpg (en)
- Gittern and rebec.jpg (en)
- Medieval musician playing gittern.jpg (en)
- B-I-2 162R lute.jpg (en)
- Bartolomeo Bortolazzi.jpg (en)
- COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Harp-luit TMnr A-11006.jpg (en)
- Stradivarius Mandolin - 1680, National Music Museum, Vermillion.jpg (en)
- Giovanni Vailati.png (en)
- Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG (en)
- Mandola MET DP169027.jpg (en)
- MuseuMusicaBCN 8942.jpg (en)
- MusicalBow.gif (en)
- Mérida pandurium.jpg (en)
- Pasquale Vinaccia from The Guitar and Mandolin.jpg (en)
- Raffaele Calace with Liuto Cantabile.tif (en)
- Todeschini Mandolinenspieler.jpg (en)
- Lute-family instrumentalist at Capella Palatina.jpg (en)
- Estudiantina Espagnola au jardin des Tuileries 1878.JPG (en)
- Estudiantina Espagnola - Le Monde Illustré - 16 mars 1878.jpg (en)
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- The mandolin is a modern member of the lute family, dating back to Italy in the 18th century. The instrument was played across Europe but then disappeared after the Napoleonic Wars. Credit for creating the modern bowlback version of the instrument goes to the Vinaccia family of Naples. The deep bowled mandolin, especially the Neapolitan form, became common in the 19th century, following the appearance of an international hit, the Spanish Students. They toured Europe and America, and their performances created a stir that helped the mandolin to become widely popular. (en)
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- History of the mandolin (en)
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