Hate studies is an interdisciplinary academic field focusing on the causes, effects, and prevention of manifestations of hatred, such as microaggressions, hate speech, hate crime, terrorism, and genocide, that target individuals based on hostility towards their race, religion, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, social class, disability, or other perceived conditions or identity categories. It brings together scholars, academic researchers, practitioner-experts, human rights leaders, policymakers, NGO/INGO leaders, and many others. Hate studies responds to a call to gather the wisdom from academic fields throughout the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, education, and other areas, and to bring it into conversation and practical application in law and policy, civ