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The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices. It is complemented by the MAC layer and the logical link layer.

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  • The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices. It is complemented by the MAC layer and the logical link layer. The Ethernet physical layer has evolved over its existence starting in 1980 and encompasses multiple physical media interfaces and several orders of magnitude of speed from 1 Mbit/s to 400 Gbit/s. The physical medium ranges from bulky coaxial cable to twisted pair and optical fiber with a standardized reach of up to 80 km. In general, network protocol stack software will work similarly on all physical layers. Many Ethernet adapters and switch ports support multiple speeds by using autonegotiation to set the speed and duplex for the best values supported by both connected devices. If autonegotiation fails, some multiple-speed devices sense the speed used by their partner, but this may result in a duplex mismatch. With rare exceptions, a 100BASE-TX port (10/100) also supports 10BASE-T while a 1000BASE-T port (10/100/1000) also supports 10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX. Most 10GBASE-T ports also support 1000BASE-T, some even 100BASE-TX or 10BASE-T. While autonegotiation can practically be relied on for Ethernet over twisted pair, few optical-fiber ports support multiple speeds. In any case, even multi-rate fiber interfaces only support a single wavelength (e.g. 850 nm for 1000BASE-SX or 10GBASE-SR). 10 Gigabit Ethernet was already used in both enterprise and carrier networks by 2007, with 40 Gbit/s and 100 Gigabit Ethernet ratified. In 2017, the fastest additions to the Ethernet family were 200 and 400 Gbit/s. Development of 800 Gbit/s and 1.6 Tbit/s Ethernet standards started in 2021. (en)
  • La capa física de Ethernet es el componente de capa física del estándar Ethernet. La capa física de Ethernet evolucionó sobre un considerable período de tiempo y abarca completamente algunas interfaces de medios físicos y varias magnitudes de velocidad. La velocidad se extiende desde 1 Mbit/s a 40 Gbit/s (velocidades más altas están en desarrollo)​ mientras que el medio físico puede extenderse desde el cable coaxial voluminoso, al par trenzado, hasta la fibra óptica. En general, el software del stack de protocolo de la red trabajará similarmente en todos los tipos que se describirán más adelante. Las secciones siguientes proporcionan un breve resumen de todos los tipos de medios oficiales de Ethernet (los números de sección del estándar IEEE 802.3-2008 están entre paréntesis). Adicionalmente de estos estándares oficiales, muchos vendedores han implementado tipos de medios propietarios por varias razones - a menudo para soportar distancias más largas sobre el cableado de fibra óptica. Muchos adaptadores de Ethernet y puertos de switches soportan múltiples velocidades, usando autonegociación para ajustar la velocidad y la modalidad duplex para los mejores valores soportados por ambos dispositivos conectados. Si la auto-negociación falla, un dispositivo de múltiple velocidad detectará la velocidad usada por su socio, pero asumirá semiduplex. Un puerto Ethernet 10/100 soporta 10Base-T y 100Base-TX. Un puerto Ethernet 10/100/1000 soporta 10Base-T, 100Base-TX, y 1000Base-T. (es)
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  • The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices. It is complemented by the MAC layer and the logical link layer. (en)
  • La capa física de Ethernet es el componente de capa física del estándar Ethernet. La capa física de Ethernet evolucionó sobre un considerable período de tiempo y abarca completamente algunas interfaces de medios físicos y varias magnitudes de velocidad. La velocidad se extiende desde 1 Mbit/s a 40 Gbit/s (velocidades más altas están en desarrollo)​ mientras que el medio físico puede extenderse desde el cable coaxial voluminoso, al par trenzado, hasta la fibra óptica. En general, el software del stack de protocolo de la red trabajará similarmente en todos los tipos que se describirán más adelante. (es)
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  • Capa física de Ethernet (es)
  • Ethernet physical layer (en)
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