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Ernst Vilhelm Østrup (21 September 1845, in Roskilde – 16 April 1917, in Frederiksberg) was a Danish botanist and phycologist, mainly working on diatoms. In 1873 he received his cand. polyt. degree, and later worked as a schoolteacher in Copenhagen. His diatom research largely dealt with species found in Denmark, Greenland, Iceland, Faeroe Islands and Jan Mayen. The diatom genus Oestrupia (Heiden) and the species Diploneis oestrupii (Hust.), Surirella oestrupii (Gran) and Navicula oestrupii (Cleve) are all named in his honour.