About: Raid on Deerfield

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The 1704 Raid on Deerfield (also known as the Deerfield Massacre) occurred during Queen Anne's War on February 29 when French and Native American forces under the command of Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville attacked the English frontier settlement at Deerfield, Massachusetts, just before dawn. They burned part of the town and killed 47 villagers. The raiders left with 112 settlers as captives, whom they took overland the nearly 300 miles to Montreal. Some died or were killed along the way because they couldn't keep up. Some 60 persons were later ransomed by family and community. Others were adopted by Mohawk families at Kahnawake and became assimilated into the tribe. In this period, the English and their Indian allies were involved in similar raids against French villages along the northe

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  • Le raid contre Deerfield est un évènement de la deuxième guerre intercoloniale en 1704, dans le cadre de la guerre de Succession d'Espagne. (fr)
  • The 1704 Raid on Deerfield (also known as the Deerfield Massacre) occurred during Queen Anne's War on February 29 when French and Native American forces under the command of Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville attacked the English frontier settlement at Deerfield, Massachusetts, just before dawn. They burned part of the town and killed 47 villagers. The raiders left with 112 settlers as captives, whom they took overland the nearly 300 miles to Montreal. Some died or were killed along the way because they couldn't keep up. Some 60 persons were later ransomed by family and community. Others were adopted by Mohawk families at Kahnawake and became assimilated into the tribe. In this period, the English and their Indian allies were involved in similar raids against French villages along the northern area between the spheres of influence. Typical of the small-scale frontier conflict in Queen Anne's War, the French-led raid relied on a coalition of French soldiers and a variety of about 300 Indian warriors, mostly Abenaki (from what is now Maine), but including Huron (Wyandot) from Lorette, Mohawk from Kahnawake (both mission villages), and a number of Pocumtuc who had once lived in the Deerfield area. Given the diversity of personnel, motivations, and material objectives, the raiders did not achieve full surprise when they entered the palisaded village. The defenders of some fortified houses in the village successfully held off the raiders until arriving reinforcements prompted their retreat. However, the raid was a clear victory for the French coalition that aimed to take captives and unsettle English colonial frontier society. More than 100 captives were taken, and about 40 percent of the village houses were destroyed. Although predicted because of existing tensions during the war, the raid shocked New England colonists. Conflict increased with the French and their Native American allies. Frontier settlements took actions to fortify their towns and prepare for war. The raid has been immortalized as a part of the early American frontier story, principally due to the published account by a prominent captive, the Rev. John Williams, who was the principal leader of the village. He and much of his family were taken on the long overland journey to Canada. His seven-year-old daughter Eunice was adopted by a Mohawk family; she became assimilated, married a Mohawk man, and had a family with him. Williams's account, The Redeemed Captive, was published in 1707 soon after his release, and was widely popular in the colonies. It became part of the genre known as captivity narratives. (en)
  • Il raid di Deerfield (o massacro di Deerfield) fu un avvenimento bellico avvenuto nell'ambito della guerra della regina Anna il 29 febbraio 1704 quando delle forze franco-indigene al comando di attaccarono gli insediamenti della frontiera inglese a Deerfield, bruciando parte del villaggio, uccidendo 47 persone e facendo 112 prigionieri che vennero riportati in Canada, di cui 60 vennero poi rilasciati. Tipico conflitto su piccola scala, i francesi organizzarono una coalizione con diverse popolazioni indiane locali tra cui circa 300 che vivevano nell'area di Deerfield. La diversità del personale impiegato, le motivazioni dei singoli e gli obbiettivi materiali coinvolti nel raid fecero si che la pianificazione dell'attacco non fosse passata inosservata nemmeno agli inglesi, o perlomeno essa non era così inaspettata come i francesi pensavano. I difensori di alcune case fortificate nel villaggio riuscirono a respingere i razziatori sino all'arrivo di rinforzi. Ad ogni modo il raid fu una chiara vittoria della coalizione francese il cui obbiettivo era quello di fare prigionieri e minare la società dei coloni inglesi nell'area. Vennero presi più di 100 prigionieri ed il 40% delle case vennero distrutte. Anche se predetto, il raid fu comunque uno shock per i coloni inglesi, peggiorato ancor più dalle relazioni tra francesi e nativi americani, portando sempre più ad una guerra di frontiera. Il raid è divenuto una parte della storia della guerra di frontiera americana, principalmente per i racconti dei prigionieri sopravvissuti, tra cui il più rilevante è stato sicuramente il reverendo John Williams. Con la sua famiglia venne costretto a compiere un lungo viaggio a piedi verso il Canada a seguito degli altri prigionieri. Sua figlia minore venne adottata da una famiglia mohawk, si assimilò ai loro costumi e sposò un uomo mohawk. Il racconto di Williams, The Redeemed Captive, venne pubblicato nel 1707 e fu molto popolare nelle colonie. (it)
  • ディアフィールド奇襲（ディアフィールドきしゅう、Raid on Deerfield）は、アン女王戦争中の1704年2月29日、率いるフランスとインディアンの部隊が、マサチューセッツ湾植民地の、イングランド系住民の村を夜明け前に襲って、一部を焼き、56人の住民を殺害した事件である。 フランスと、インディアンの諸部族から成る部隊には、約300人のもいた。彼らはかつてディアフィールドに住んでいた。奇襲部隊の隊員構成があまりにも多岐にわたっていたため、村には侵入したものの、奇襲達成とまでは行かなかった。防御を固めた家の人々は、援軍が来るまで侵入者たちを寄せ付けなかった。100人以上の人々が捕虜となり、村の4割の家が破壊された。 この事件は、アメリカ開拓の物語の一部として不屈のものとなった。主に、捕虜の一人で、の証言によるところが大きい。ウィリアムズと家族とは、ヌーベルフランスまで遠い道のりを歩くことを強いられ、幼い娘のは、モホーク族の家の養子となった。ユーニスはモホークの習慣を身に付け、モホーク族の男と結婚した。ウィリアムズの証言"The Redeemed Captive"（贖われし捕虜）は1707年に出版され、ニューイングランド植民地で好評を博した。 (ja)
  • Het Bloedbad van Deerfield (Engels: Deerfield massacre) was de uitmoording van een kolonisten-nederzetting in door Franse en Indiaanse soldaten op 29 februari 1704. De kolonie was toen in handen van de Engelsen en werd bij het aanvangen van de dag geplunderd. De aanval werd uitgevoerd tijdens de Oorlog van koningin Anne, als uitloper van de Spaanse Successieoorlog in Noord-Amerika. Sommige van de gevangenen keerden terug naar New England, andere bleven achter in Quebec. (nl)
dbo:causalties
  • Villagers: 44 killed (10 men, 9 women, 25 children), 109 captured
  • Return trek: 20 captives killed or died of exposure
  • Raid: 56 killed, 112 captured
dbo:combatant
  • 23px|alt="The Pine Tree flag of New England"New England
  • 23pxCanada
dbo:commander
dbo:date
  • 1704-02-29 (xsd:date)
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dbo:notes
  • The total number of people inside the palisade at the time of the attack was 291 people. In addition to the villagers, this included the 20 outside militia and 3 French traders.
dbo:place
dbo:result
  • French and Native American victory
dbo:strength
  • 20 outside militia
  • 240 Indians
  • 48MarinesandCanadian Militia
  • 70 town militia
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dbp:caption
  • Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville - French Commander (en)
dbp:casualties
  • Return trek: 20 captives killed or died of exposure (en)
  • Raid: 56 killed, 112 captured (en)
  • Villagers: 44 killed , 109 captured (en)
  • reports vary; 10–40 killed (en)
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  • Raid on Deerfield (en)
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  • 1704-02-29 (xsd:date)
dbp:notes
  • The total number of people inside the palisade at the time of the attack was 291 people. In addition to the villagers, this included the 20 outside militia and 3 French traders. (en)
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  • French and Native American victory (en)
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  • 70 (xsd:integer)
  • 240 (xsd:integer)
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  • Le raid contre Deerfield est un évènement de la deuxième guerre intercoloniale en 1704, dans le cadre de la guerre de Succession d'Espagne. (fr)
  • ディアフィールド奇襲（ディアフィールドきしゅう、Raid on Deerfield）は、アン女王戦争中の1704年2月29日、率いるフランスとインディアンの部隊が、マサチューセッツ湾植民地の、イングランド系住民の村を夜明け前に襲って、一部を焼き、56人の住民を殺害した事件である。 フランスと、インディアンの諸部族から成る部隊には、約300人のもいた。彼らはかつてディアフィールドに住んでいた。奇襲部隊の隊員構成があまりにも多岐にわたっていたため、村には侵入したものの、奇襲達成とまでは行かなかった。防御を固めた家の人々は、援軍が来るまで侵入者たちを寄せ付けなかった。100人以上の人々が捕虜となり、村の4割の家が破壊された。 この事件は、アメリカ開拓の物語の一部として不屈のものとなった。主に、捕虜の一人で、の証言によるところが大きい。ウィリアムズと家族とは、ヌーベルフランスまで遠い道のりを歩くことを強いられ、幼い娘のは、モホーク族の家の養子となった。ユーニスはモホークの習慣を身に付け、モホーク族の男と結婚した。ウィリアムズの証言"The Redeemed Captive"（贖われし捕虜）は1707年に出版され、ニューイングランド植民地で好評を博した。 (ja)
  • Het Bloedbad van Deerfield (Engels: Deerfield massacre) was de uitmoording van een kolonisten-nederzetting in door Franse en Indiaanse soldaten op 29 februari 1704. De kolonie was toen in handen van de Engelsen en werd bij het aanvangen van de dag geplunderd. De aanval werd uitgevoerd tijdens de Oorlog van koningin Anne, als uitloper van de Spaanse Successieoorlog in Noord-Amerika. Sommige van de gevangenen keerden terug naar New England, andere bleven achter in Quebec. (nl)
  • The 1704 Raid on Deerfield (also known as the Deerfield Massacre) occurred during Queen Anne's War on February 29 when French and Native American forces under the command of Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville attacked the English frontier settlement at Deerfield, Massachusetts, just before dawn. They burned part of the town and killed 47 villagers. The raiders left with 112 settlers as captives, whom they took overland the nearly 300 miles to Montreal. Some died or were killed along the way because they couldn't keep up. Some 60 persons were later ransomed by family and community. Others were adopted by Mohawk families at Kahnawake and became assimilated into the tribe. In this period, the English and their Indian allies were involved in similar raids against French villages along the northe (en)
  • Il raid di Deerfield (o massacro di Deerfield) fu un avvenimento bellico avvenuto nell'ambito della guerra della regina Anna il 29 febbraio 1704 quando delle forze franco-indigene al comando di attaccarono gli insediamenti della frontiera inglese a Deerfield, bruciando parte del villaggio, uccidendo 47 persone e facendo 112 prigionieri che vennero riportati in Canada, di cui 60 vennero poi rilasciati. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Raid contre Deerfield (fr)
  • Raid di Deerfield (it)
  • ディアフィールド奇襲 (ja)
  • Bloedbad van Deerfield (nl)
  • Raid on Deerfield (en)
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  • Raid on Deerfield (en)
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