About: Al-Ruhawi

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Ishāq bin Ali al-Rohawi (Arabic: إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي) was a 9th-century author of the first medical ethics book in Arabic medicine. His Ethics of the Physician contains the first documented description for peer review processes. The processes gave the fundamentals of peer review processes where practising Arab physicians were reviewed by peers on the medical treatment they provide to their patients. If the treatment of a patient was incorrectly done with negative peer reviews, then the physician is at a lawsuit liability.

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  • إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي (القرن الثالث / التاسع الميلادي) هو طبيب عربي. وُلدَ مسيحيًا من الطائفة النسطورية، وعلى الأرجح كان لا يزال مسيحيًا عندما ألّفَ أعماله، على الرغم من التأثير القوي للإسلام عليها. قال ابن أبي أصيبعة في طبقاته «كان طبيباً متميزاً عالماً بكلام جالينوس وله أعمال جيدة في صناعة الطب». من آثاره: أدب الطبيب (طبع بتحقيق من مريزن سعيد مريزن عسيري - الطبعة الأولى - 1412 هـ / 1992 م - مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلامية). (ar)
  • Ishāq bin Ali al-Rohawi (Arabic: إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي) was a 9th-century author of the first medical ethics book in Arabic medicine. His Ethics of the Physician contains the first documented description for peer review processes. The processes gave the fundamentals of peer review processes where practising Arab physicians were reviewed by peers on the medical treatment they provide to their patients. If the treatment of a patient was incorrectly done with negative peer reviews, then the physician is at a lawsuit liability. Al-Ruhawi was probably from Al-Ruha, modern-day Şanlıurfa in Turkey, close to the border of Syria. It is often known as Urfa. Not much is known about Al-Rahawi, including his beliefs. The author Levey stated in his book that Al-Rahawi was a Christian while the author Burgel wrote that Al-Rahawi was Jewish. However, both authors did not give evidence to support their argument, rather having it based on their interpretations. Although there are conflictions in these two beliefs, there is evidence to prove that Al-Rahawi had Islamic beliefs. Al-Rahawi began his book with the words "In the name of Allah," which is a traditional opening for Muslims. Additionally, Al-Rahawi uses the word "Allah" hundreds of times in his work, which is associated with Islam. There is also more proof for the Islamic beliefs of Al-Ruhawi in another area of his writing where he hints towards the five pillars of Islam. In his introduction of the first chapter for one of his books, Al-Ruhawi writes the following: "The first thing in which a physician must believe is that all in this world has only one able creator who performs all deeds wilfully. The second article of faith in which a physician must believe is that he have credence in the great Allah with a firm affection, and is devoted to Him with all his reason, soul, and free will. The third faith which a physician must possess is that Allah sent His messengers to mankind to teach them what is good since the mind alone is not sufficient. Thus, without His apostles, it is not enough for man...... In all these matters, the physician must truly believe since all the holy books and ancients affirm them. No believer can deny them." (en)
  • Ishāq ibn 'Alī al-Ruhāwī est un médecin arabe qui a vécu au IXe ou au Xe siècle, connu par un seul ouvrage en vingt chapitres intitulé Adab al-tabib (Éthique du médecin). On en est pratiquement réduit aux conjectures à son sujet (Ibn Abi Usaybi'a ne lui consacre pas de notice dans son dictionnaire biographique des médecins). Son surnom « al-Ruhawi » indique apparemment qu'il était originaire de la ville appelée en arabe « al-Ruha », c'est-à-dire l'antique Édesse, actuellement Şanlıurfa. Cette origine, et sa profession de médecin, ont fait supposer qu'il a dû être d'abord chrétien, mais son texte fait plutôt penser qu'au moment de sa rédaction il était musulman. Son traité de déontologie médicale est conservé dans un manuscrit unique de la Süleymanie Kitabhane d'Istanbul (n° 1658), de 112 folios, avec 17 lignes par page, dédié au sultan Bayezid II. Les vingt chapitres sont consacrés aux aspects moraux et pratiques de la profession médicale, notamment : la loyauté et la bonne foi du médecin, la condamnation de la corruption et du charlatanisme, la dignité qui s'attache à cette profession et le respect qu'elle mérite, les critères de sélection des bons médecins, le soin que le médecin doit avoir de lui-même, les bons comportements pendant les visites, la manière d'interroger le patient et ses proches, ce que le patient lui-même doit dire ou taire devant le médecin et la manière de recevoir ses directives selon qu'on est malade ou en bonne santé, etc. Le médecin est appelé « gardien des âmes et des corps ». Al-Ruhawi avait écrit trois autres ouvrages, a priori perdus : une compilation des quatre traités de Galien qui forment la première partie des Summaria Alexandrinorum ; une Introduction à la dialectique ; un texte consacré aux examens des médecins. (fr)
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  • إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي (القرن الثالث / التاسع الميلادي) هو طبيب عربي. وُلدَ مسيحيًا من الطائفة النسطورية، وعلى الأرجح كان لا يزال مسيحيًا عندما ألّفَ أعماله، على الرغم من التأثير القوي للإسلام عليها. قال ابن أبي أصيبعة في طبقاته «كان طبيباً متميزاً عالماً بكلام جالينوس وله أعمال جيدة في صناعة الطب». من آثاره: أدب الطبيب (طبع بتحقيق من مريزن سعيد مريزن عسيري - الطبعة الأولى - 1412 هـ / 1992 م - مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلامية). (ar)
  • Ishāq bin Ali al-Rohawi (Arabic: إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي) was a 9th-century author of the first medical ethics book in Arabic medicine. His Ethics of the Physician contains the first documented description for peer review processes. The processes gave the fundamentals of peer review processes where practising Arab physicians were reviewed by peers on the medical treatment they provide to their patients. If the treatment of a patient was incorrectly done with negative peer reviews, then the physician is at a lawsuit liability. (en)
  • Ishāq ibn 'Alī al-Ruhāwī est un médecin arabe qui a vécu au IXe ou au Xe siècle, connu par un seul ouvrage en vingt chapitres intitulé Adab al-tabib (Éthique du médecin). On en est pratiquement réduit aux conjectures à son sujet (Ibn Abi Usaybi'a ne lui consacre pas de notice dans son dictionnaire biographique des médecins). Son surnom « al-Ruhawi » indique apparemment qu'il était originaire de la ville appelée en arabe « al-Ruha », c'est-à-dire l'antique Édesse, actuellement Şanlıurfa. Cette origine, et sa profession de médecin, ont fait supposer qu'il a dû être d'abord chrétien, mais son texte fait plutôt penser qu'au moment de sa rédaction il était musulman. (fr)
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  • إسحاق بن علي الرهاوي (ar)
  • Al-Ruhawi (en)
  • Ishaq ibn 'Ali al-Ruhawi (fr)
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