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An automatic direction finder (ADF) is a marine or aircraft radio-navigation instrument that automatically and continuously displays the relative bearing from the ship or aircraft to a suitable radio station. ADF receivers are normally tuned to aviation or marine NDBs (Non-Directional Beacon) operating in the LW band between 190 – 535 kHz. Like RDF (Radio Direction Finder) units, most ADF receivers can also receive medium wave (AM) broadcast stations, though as mentioned, these are less reliable for navigational purposes.

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  • Automatický radiový kompas (ARK) je námořní nebo letadlový radionavigační přístroj, který automaticky a nepřetržitě zobrazuje relativní směr z lodi nebo letadla k vhodné rádiové stanici. Přijímače ARK jsou běžně naladěny na letecké nebo námořní NDB (nesměrové majáky) pracující v pásmu DV mezi 190 – 535 kHz. Podobně jako radiový zaměřovač může většina přijímačů ARK také přijímat vysílací stanice středních vln (AM), i když, jsou pro navigační účely méně spolehlivé. Operátor naladí přijímač ARK na správnou frekvenci a ověří identitu majáku poslechem signálu Morseovy abecedy naladěného NDB. U námořních přijímačů ARK se samohybná feritová anténa na střeše plavidla (nebo namontovaná na stožáru) otočí a zajistí v nastavené orinetaci, když dosáhne minimálního signálu naladěného vysílače. Stejně jako ukazatel pohybující se na růžici kompasu, kde indikuje směr stanice ve stupních. U leteckých ARK jednotka automaticky pohybuje ukazatelem radiomagnetického indikátoru (RMI), aby ukázoval směr k majáku. Pilot může použít tento ukazatel k návratu přímo k majáku, nebo může také použít magnetický kompas a vypočítat směr od majáku (radiálu), na které se letadlo nachází. (cs)
  • An automatic direction finder (ADF) is a marine or aircraft radio-navigation instrument that automatically and continuously displays the relative bearing from the ship or aircraft to a suitable radio station. ADF receivers are normally tuned to aviation or marine NDBs (Non-Directional Beacon) operating in the LW band between 190 – 535 kHz. Like RDF (Radio Direction Finder) units, most ADF receivers can also receive medium wave (AM) broadcast stations, though as mentioned, these are less reliable for navigational purposes. The operator tunes the ADF receiver to the correct frequency and verifies the identity of the beacon by listening to the Morse code signal transmitted by the NDB. On marine ADF receivers, the motorized ferrite-bar antenna atop the unit (or remotely mounted on the masthead) would rotate and lock when reaching the null of the desired station. A centerline on the antenna unit moving atop a compass rose indicated in degrees the bearing of the station. On aviation ADFs, the unit automatically moves a compass-like pointer (RMI) to show the direction of the beacon. The pilot may use this pointer to home directly towards the beacon, or may also use the magnetic compass and calculate the direction from the beacon (the radial) at which their aircraft is located. Unlike the RDF, the ADF operates without direct intervention, and continuously displays the direction of the tuned beacon. Initially, all ADF receivers, both marine and aircraft versions, contained a rotating loop or ferrite loopstick aerial driven by a motor which was controlled by the receiver. Like the RDF, a sense antenna verified the correct direction from its 180-degree opposite. More modern aviation ADFs contain a small array of fixed aerials and use electronic sensors to deduce the direction using the strength and phase of the signals from each aerial. The electronic sensors listen for the trough that occurs when the antenna is at right angles to the signal, and provide the heading to the station using a direction indicator. In flight, the ADF's RMI or direction indicator will always point to the broadcast station regardless of aircraft heading. Dip error is introduced, however, when the aircraft is in a banked attitude, as the needle dips down in the direction of the turn. This is the result of the loop itself banking with the aircraft and therefore being at a different angle to the beacon. For ease of visualisation, it can be useful to consider a 90° banked turn, with the wings vertical. The bearing of the beacon as seen from the ADF aerial will now be unrelated to the direction of the aircraft to the beacon. Dip error is sometimes wrongly confused with quadrantal error, which is the result of radio waves being bounced and reradiated by the airframe. Quadrantal error does not affect signals from straight ahead or behind, nor on the wingtips. The further from these cardinal points and the closer to the quadrantal points (i.e. 45°, 135°, 225° and 315° from the nose) the greater the effect, but quadrantal error is normally much less than dip error, which is always present when the aircraft is banked. ADF receivers can be used to determine current position, track inbound and outbound flight path, and intercept a desired bearing. These procedures are also used to execute holding patterns and non-precision instrument approaches. (en)
  • 自動方向探知機(ADF、英語: Automatic Direction Finder)とは、電波航法を行うために航空機に搭載される航空計器の一種で指定した周波数の電波を発信する無指向性無線標識(NDB)の方角を示す計器である。無線方向探知機の一種だが主にラジオ放送を受信して放送局の方向を示すことからラジオコンパスとも呼ばれる。 船舶または航空機から適切な無線局までの相対方位を自動的かつ継続的に表示する。元々は190〜535kHz中波帯の無指向性無線標識(NDB)を利用していたが、のちに民間のラジオ放送局もNDBとして利用するようになり1700kHz中波帯まで拡張された。RDFユニットと同様に、ほとんどのADF受信機も中波(AM)放送局を受信できるが、前述のように、これらはナビゲーション目的では信頼性が低くなる。 約5度の精度しかないため近年ではより精度が高い超短波全方向式無線標識を利用する超短波全方向範囲(VOR)に世代交代しているが構造が簡単でコストが安いため古い時代には標準的に搭載されていた。 船舶などにも搭載されている。 (ja)
  • L'Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) è uno strumento montato sugli aeromobili ed è dotato di antenna e componenti elettronici per la ricezione e demodulazione di segnali emessi da stazioni a terra NDB (Non-Directional Beacon). Fornisce la direzione e il verso di provenienza del segnale NDB (e quindi indica la della stazione emittente) per mezzo del principio di induzione elettromagnetica. È dotato di due antenne del tipo a filo (Marconiana) e del tipo a telaio che misurano la corrente indotta che il segnale produce quando viene ricevuto, e, opportunamente accoppiate, ne riescono a definire la provenienza in direzione e verso. Il riporto al pilota viene fatto su una rosa graduata (0-360°) dove un ago oscillante indicherà la direzione della stazione emittente selezionata. I ricevitori ADF lavorano su frequenze medie e basse ( e ) comprese tra 190 e 535kHz. I vantaggi che ha sono le lunghe portate (dovute alle basse frequenze) e l'intuibilità/facilità di utilizzo, mentre gli svantaggi sono la scarsità di precisione (± 2° e 5 miglia max) e la facile degradabilità dei segnali a causa di eventi atmosferici di tipo temporalesco (interferenza con le onde elettromagnetiche). Inoltre l'ADF non permette di selezionare una radiale come nel caso del VOR, perciò non rende possibile accorgersi dell'effetto del vento sul velivolo. L'ADF dà come indicazione un RB (relative bearing) o rilevamento polare della stazione. Misura l'angolo fra l'asse longitudinale dell'aeromobile con la congiungente velivolo-NDB. (it)
  • Een Automatic Direction finder (ADF) systeem op een vliegtuig is een navigatiehulpmiddel dat wordt gebruikt om de richting van een signaal te bepalen. Voor navigatiedoeleinden zal dit signaal afkomstig zijn van een Non-directional beacon (NDB), maar het is ook mogelijk om andere zenders te ontvangen zoals AM-radiozenders. Ondanks dat het systeem tegen 2005 uit gefaseerd zou worden, is het nog steeds in gebruik op een aantal luchthavens als non precisie nadering (non-precision approach) of als navigatie hulpmiddel voor enkele luchtwegen. (nl)
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  • 自動方向探知機(ADF、英語: Automatic Direction Finder)とは、電波航法を行うために航空機に搭載される航空計器の一種で指定した周波数の電波を発信する無指向性無線標識(NDB)の方角を示す計器である。無線方向探知機の一種だが主にラジオ放送を受信して放送局の方向を示すことからラジオコンパスとも呼ばれる。 船舶または航空機から適切な無線局までの相対方位を自動的かつ継続的に表示する。元々は190〜535kHz中波帯の無指向性無線標識(NDB)を利用していたが、のちに民間のラジオ放送局もNDBとして利用するようになり1700kHz中波帯まで拡張された。RDFユニットと同様に、ほとんどのADF受信機も中波(AM)放送局を受信できるが、前述のように、これらはナビゲーション目的では信頼性が低くなる。 約5度の精度しかないため近年ではより精度が高い超短波全方向式無線標識を利用する超短波全方向範囲(VOR)に世代交代しているが構造が簡単でコストが安いため古い時代には標準的に搭載されていた。 船舶などにも搭載されている。 (ja)
  • Een Automatic Direction finder (ADF) systeem op een vliegtuig is een navigatiehulpmiddel dat wordt gebruikt om de richting van een signaal te bepalen. Voor navigatiedoeleinden zal dit signaal afkomstig zijn van een Non-directional beacon (NDB), maar het is ook mogelijk om andere zenders te ontvangen zoals AM-radiozenders. Ondanks dat het systeem tegen 2005 uit gefaseerd zou worden, is het nog steeds in gebruik op een aantal luchthavens als non precisie nadering (non-precision approach) of als navigatie hulpmiddel voor enkele luchtwegen. (nl)
  • Automatický radiový kompas (ARK) je námořní nebo letadlový radionavigační přístroj, který automaticky a nepřetržitě zobrazuje relativní směr z lodi nebo letadla k vhodné rádiové stanici. Přijímače ARK jsou běžně naladěny na letecké nebo námořní NDB (nesměrové majáky) pracující v pásmu DV mezi 190 – 535 kHz. Podobně jako radiový zaměřovač může většina přijímačů ARK také přijímat vysílací stanice středních vln (AM), i když, jsou pro navigační účely méně spolehlivé. (cs)
  • An automatic direction finder (ADF) is a marine or aircraft radio-navigation instrument that automatically and continuously displays the relative bearing from the ship or aircraft to a suitable radio station. ADF receivers are normally tuned to aviation or marine NDBs (Non-Directional Beacon) operating in the LW band between 190 – 535 kHz. Like RDF (Radio Direction Finder) units, most ADF receivers can also receive medium wave (AM) broadcast stations, though as mentioned, these are less reliable for navigational purposes. (en)
  • L'Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) è uno strumento montato sugli aeromobili ed è dotato di antenna e componenti elettronici per la ricezione e demodulazione di segnali emessi da stazioni a terra NDB (Non-Directional Beacon). Fornisce la direzione e il verso di provenienza del segnale NDB (e quindi indica la della stazione emittente) per mezzo del principio di induzione elettromagnetica. Il riporto al pilota viene fatto su una rosa graduata (0-360°) dove un ago oscillante indicherà la direzione della stazione emittente selezionata. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Automatický radiový kompas (cs)
  • Automatic direction finder (en)
  • Automatic Direction Finder (it)
  • 自動方向探知機 (ja)
  • Automatic direction finder (nl)
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