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| - Andrew (Italian: Andrea di Raviscanina), count of Rupecanina, was a Norman nobleman of the Mezzogiorno. He was a longtime adversary of the royal power. On 22 July 1138, Pope Innocent II and his supporters, Robert II of Capua and Richard of Rupecanina, were ambushed at Galluccio. Innocent was captured, but Robert and Richard escaped to Germany, where they were received by King Conrad III. Frederick Barbarossa succeeded Conrad in 1152 and, at the , with the Normans present, decided to fulfill the dreams of the Emperor Lothair II and bring all Italy to heel. By the time he was ready to cross the Alps, Richard had died and was succeeded, formally, by his son Andrew, raised since childhood in Germany, at the imperial court. (en)
- Andrea di Raviscanina (1130 circa – 1180 circa) è stato un cavaliere normanno. Fu Conte di Alife nel 1154-55; ribellatosi al sovrano Guglielmo I di Sicilia, perse il feudo. Era figlio di Riccardo di Raviscanina che con il congiunto Roberto II di Capua e le truppe del papa aveva combattuto contro il sovrano Ruggero II di Sicilia nello scontro di Galluccio il 22 luglio 1139. Gli sconfitti avevano trovato scampo nella fuga in Germania, dove furono accolti dall'imperatore Corrado III. Resti del castello di Raviscanina e del borgo medievale fortificato (it)
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| - Andrew (Italian: Andrea di Raviscanina), count of Rupecanina, was a Norman nobleman of the Mezzogiorno. He was a longtime adversary of the royal power. On 22 July 1138, Pope Innocent II and his supporters, Robert II of Capua and Richard of Rupecanina, were ambushed at Galluccio. Innocent was captured, but Robert and Richard escaped to Germany, where they were received by King Conrad III. Frederick Barbarossa succeeded Conrad in 1152 and, at the , with the Normans present, decided to fulfill the dreams of the Emperor Lothair II and bring all Italy to heel. By the time he was ready to cross the Alps, Richard had died and was succeeded, formally, by his son Andrew, raised since childhood in Germany, at the imperial court. After Barbarossa's imperial coronation on 18 June 1155, the Germans returned to their homes and the three Normans, still in rebellion, Robert of Capua, Andrew, and Robert of Loritello continued on. On the false report that William I of Sicily was dead, the three entered the Campania and successfully recovered all of their lands. But in May 1156, William countered. He defeated the rebels at Bari by the treason of Richard of Aquila. William then moved on Benevento, where Pope Adrian IV was sheltered by and Andrew. In June 1156, an agreement was reached between king and pope—the so-called Treaty of Benevento—whereby Robert of Loritello and Andrew, among others, were granted exile. Nonetheless, after withdrawing to the Abruzzi, Andrew rejoined Robert in returning to Apulia. He invaded Capua and Fondi in 1157. The Byzantine army left, but the pope sent reinforcements. At San Germano, now renamed Cassino, in January 1158, Andrew defeated the royal troops. Andrew abandoned his newfound hold over Montecassino to defend his city of Ancona from Reginald of Dassel and Otto of Wittelsbach, generals of Barbarossa besieging the city. Peace was made before Spring was out and Andrew accompanied Reginald and Otto north to Milan and joined the ongoing siege under Barbarossa's command. He continued there until 7 September, when the city fell. In 1161, Andrew rejoined Robert of Loritello again in rebellion against King William. The rebels burnt Butera but were forced to abandon their cause by the king's personal intervention. Andrew fled to Constantinople to beg for men and money but received none, for peace was established between Palermo and Byzantium. Andrew only reappears in 1167 assisted by Christian of Buch with imperial troops to repossess his fiefs, including Ancona. He failed. He was present at the Battle of Monte Porzio according to Romuald of Salerno. (en)
- Andrea di Raviscanina (1130 circa – 1180 circa) è stato un cavaliere normanno. Fu Conte di Alife nel 1154-55; ribellatosi al sovrano Guglielmo I di Sicilia, perse il feudo. Era figlio di Riccardo di Raviscanina che con il congiunto Roberto II di Capua e le truppe del papa aveva combattuto contro il sovrano Ruggero II di Sicilia nello scontro di Galluccio il 22 luglio 1139. Gli sconfitti avevano trovato scampo nella fuga in Germania, dove furono accolti dall'imperatore Corrado III. Resti del castello di Raviscanina e del borgo medievale fortificato Qui esule crebbe il giovane Andrea che solo nel 1154-55 poté ritornare nell'Italia meridionale (al seguito di Federico Barbarossa sceso a Roma per farsi incoronare) e compiere incursioni che gli avrebbero consentito di recuperare il feudo di Alife.Alla fine del 1155 e agli inizi del 1156 assale e conquista la città di San Germano (Cassino) e Aquino; ma nel corso del 1156 le truppe del re Guglielmo I di Sicilia riconquistano i territori pugliesi e Andrea viene scacciato con l'alleato Roberto III di Loritello dal sovrano e si rifugia a Benevento dove trova scampo anche il papa sconfitto. In seguito fugge a Costantinopoli con lo scopo di ottenere soccorso in uomini e denaro, ma la sua richiesta non viene accolta poiché i Bizantini, nel frattempo, hanno stipulato una pace trentennale col re di Sicilia. Allora nel 1166 Andrea ritorna nel Regno e assedia Pastina e poi l'anno dopo partecipa alla battaglia di Prata Porci nell'esercito di Cristiano arcivescovo di Magonza. Andrea fu reintegrato temporaneamente al potere nel 1168 (o 1169). Ma l'ostilità del sovrano normanno si fece sentire nel 1178 quando Guglielmo II di Sicilia assegnò la contea a . (it)
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