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History of PDF PDFの歴史 PDF的历史与规范化
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可移植文档格式(PDF)于1990年代由Adobe Systems创造。早期是Adobe专有格式,直到2008年作为开放标准发布。之后由国际标准化组织志愿者产业专家委员会控制。 PDF檔案格式在1990年代早期開發,用於分享包括文本格式和内置影像的文檔,能跨平台操作,即使電腦平台完全不同,收件者亦無需适配相關或合用的應用軟體接口。1991年,Adobe Systems共同創始人約翰·沃諾克提出的名為“Camelot”的系統演變成PDF。當時與PDF一起競逐跨平台檔案格式的,還包括DjVu(仍在開發中)、、Common Ground Digital Paper、Farallon Replica及Adobe自己本身的PostScript(.ps)格式。在萬維網及HTML文本尚未興起的當時,PDF在桌面出版工作流技术當中很受歡迎。 PDF在早期文件格式分享歷史的接受程度頗晚。從2.0版開始,Adobe開始免費分發PDF的閱讀軟件Acrobat Reader(現時改稱Adobe Acrobat Reader DC,建立軟件稱為Adobe Acrobat DC),而舊版格式依舊支援,使PDF後來成為固定格式文本業界的。 当記事ではPortable Document Format (PDF) の歴史について概説する。 PDFは1990年代のはじめにアドビシステムズ(現アドビ)により開発され、2008年にオープンスタンダードとなるまではプロプライエタリなフォーマットであった。以降は国際標準化機構の委員会に属する業界のエキスパートらによるボランティア活動でコントロールされている。 The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS|2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008. Since then, it is under the control of International Organization for Standardization Committee of volunteer industry experts. Adobe distributed its Adobe Reader (now Acrobat Reader) program free of charge from version 2.0 onwards, and continued supporting the original PDF, which eventually became the de facto standard for fixed-format electronic documents.
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当記事ではPortable Document Format (PDF) の歴史について概説する。 PDFは1990年代のはじめにアドビシステムズ(現アドビ)により開発され、2008年にオープンスタンダードとなるまではプロプライエタリなフォーマットであった。以降は国際標準化機構の委員会に属する業界のエキスパートらによるボランティア活動でコントロールされている。 可移植文档格式(PDF)于1990年代由Adobe Systems创造。早期是Adobe专有格式,直到2008年作为开放标准发布。之后由国际标准化组织志愿者产业专家委员会控制。 PDF檔案格式在1990年代早期開發,用於分享包括文本格式和内置影像的文檔,能跨平台操作,即使電腦平台完全不同,收件者亦無需适配相關或合用的應用軟體接口。1991年,Adobe Systems共同創始人約翰·沃諾克提出的名為“Camelot”的系統演變成PDF。當時與PDF一起競逐跨平台檔案格式的,還包括DjVu(仍在開發中)、、Common Ground Digital Paper、Farallon Replica及Adobe自己本身的PostScript(.ps)格式。在萬維網及HTML文本尚未興起的當時,PDF在桌面出版工作流技术當中很受歡迎。 PDF在早期文件格式分享歷史的接受程度頗晚。從2.0版開始,Adobe開始免費分發PDF的閱讀軟件Acrobat Reader(現時改稱Adobe Acrobat Reader DC,建立軟件稱為Adobe Acrobat DC),而舊版格式依舊支援,使PDF後來成為固定格式文本業界的。 及至2008年,Adobe Systems的PDF參考1.7版成為了ISO 32000:1:2008,從此PDF就成為了正式的國際標準。亦因為這個緣故,現時PDF的更新版本開發(包括未來的PDF 2.0版本的開發)變成由ISO的TC 171 SC 2 WG 8主導,但Adobe及其他相關項目的專家依然有參與其中。 The Portable Document Format (PDF) was created by Adobe Systems, introduced at the Windows and OS|2 Conference in January 1993 and remained a proprietary format until it was released as an open standard in 2008. Since then, it is under the control of International Organization for Standardization Committee of volunteer industry experts. PDF was developed to share documents, including text formatting and inline images, among computer users of disparate platforms who may not have access to mutually-compatible application software. It was created by a research and development team called Camelot, led by Adobe's co-founder John Warnock. PDF was one among a number of competing formats such as DjVu, Envoy, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica and even Adobe's own PostScript format. In those early years before the rise of the World Wide Web and HTML documents, PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishing workflows. PDF's adoption in the early days of the format's history was slow. Adobe Acrobat, Adobe's suite for reading and creating PDF files, was not freely available; early versions of PDF had no support for external hyperlinks, reducing its usefulness on the Internet; the larger size of a PDF document compared to plain text required longer download times over the slower modems common at the time; and rendering PDF files was slow on the less powerful machines of the day. Adobe distributed its Adobe Reader (now Acrobat Reader) program free of charge from version 2.0 onwards, and continued supporting the original PDF, which eventually became the de facto standard for fixed-format electronic documents. In 2008 Adobe Systems' PDF Reference 1.7 became ISO 32000:1:2008. Thereafter, further development of PDF (including PDF 2.0) is conducted by ISO's TC 171 SC 2 WG 8 with the participation of Adobe Systems and other subject matter experts.
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