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Digitale Auskunft Digital reference デジタルレファレンスサービス Service de référence virtuel
rdfs:comment
Dans l’acception la plus courante, la référence virtuelle concerne un service rendu aux lecteurs d'une bibliothèque par le biais d’Internet. Le lecteur, à l’extérieur de la bibliothèque, et parfois pendant les heures de fermeture de cette dernière, pose une question ; un bibliothécaire lui répond, immédiatement ou en différé, généralement en utilisant la même technique.La référence virtuelle peut être synchrone ou asynchrone. デジタルレファレンスサービスとは、インターネットを介して行われる図書館のレファレンスサービスのことである。 ここで「レファレンス」とは情報を求める図書館利用者に対して、質問に答えたり答えが載っている資料を教えたりすることで、彼らの情報ニーズを充足させるサービスのことである。従来図書館内で対面式に行われていたレファレンスサービスを、メールやチャット、Webフォームを使って遠隔地の利用者にも提供するのがデジタルレファレンスサービスである。なお日本語では「デジタルレファレンス（Digital Reference）」という言い方が優勢であるが、米国等では“Virtual Reference”もよく用いられている。 Digitale Auskunft (auch: Virtuelle Auskunft) ist ein Sammelbegriff im Bibliothekswesen für sämtliche Auskunfts- und Informationsaktivitäten, die über elektronische Kanäle, meist über das Internet, abgewickelt werden. Je nach dem für den digitalen Auskunftsdienst eingesetzten Internet-Protokoll entsteht eine Chat- oder E-Mail-Auskunft mit synchroner oder asynchroner Kommunikation. Digital reference (more commonly called virtual reference) is a service by which a library reference service is conducted online, and the reference transaction is a computer-mediated communication. It is the remote, computer-mediated delivery of reference information provided by library professionals to users who cannot access or do not want face-to-face communication. Virtual reference service is most often an extension of a library's existing reference service program. The word "reference" in this context refers to the task of providing assistance to library users in finding information, answering questions, and otherwise fulfilling users’ information needs. Reference work often but not always involves using reference works, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc. This form of referenc
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デジタルレファレンスサービスとは、インターネットを介して行われる図書館のレファレンスサービスのことである。 ここで「レファレンス」とは情報を求める図書館利用者に対して、質問に答えたり答えが載っている資料を教えたりすることで、彼らの情報ニーズを充足させるサービスのことである。従来図書館内で対面式に行われていたレファレンスサービスを、メールやチャット、Webフォームを使って遠隔地の利用者にも提供するのがデジタルレファレンスサービスである。なお日本語では「デジタルレファレンス（Digital Reference）」という言い方が優勢であるが、米国等では“Virtual Reference”もよく用いられている。 Digital reference (more commonly called virtual reference) is a service by which a library reference service is conducted online, and the reference transaction is a computer-mediated communication. It is the remote, computer-mediated delivery of reference information provided by library professionals to users who cannot access or do not want face-to-face communication. Virtual reference service is most often an extension of a library's existing reference service program. The word "reference" in this context refers to the task of providing assistance to library users in finding information, answering questions, and otherwise fulfilling users’ information needs. Reference work often but not always involves using reference works, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc. This form of reference work expands reference services from the physical reference desk to a "virtual" reference desk where the patron could be writing from home, work or a variety of other locations. The terminology surrounding virtual reference services may involve multiple terms used for the same definition. The preferred term for remotely delivered, computer-mediated reference services is "virtual reference", with the secondary non-preferred term "digital reference" having gone out of use. "Chat reference" is often used interchangeably with virtual reference, although it represents only one aspect of virtual reference. Virtual reference includes the use of both synchronous (i.e., IM, videoconferencing) and asynchronous communication (i.e., texting and email). Here, "synchronous virtual reference" refers to any real-time computer-mediated communication between patron and information professional. Asynchronous virtual reference is all computer-mediated communication that is sent and received at different times. Digitale Auskunft (auch: Virtuelle Auskunft) ist ein Sammelbegriff im Bibliothekswesen für sämtliche Auskunfts- und Informationsaktivitäten, die über elektronische Kanäle, meist über das Internet, abgewickelt werden. Je nach dem für den digitalen Auskunftsdienst eingesetzten Internet-Protokoll entsteht eine Chat- oder E-Mail-Auskunft mit synchroner oder asynchroner Kommunikation. Technische Basis für digitale Auskunftsdienste bilden spezielle Software-Pakete, die meistens von Bibliotheken oder Bibliotheksdienstleistern nach individuellen Bedürfnissen entwickelt werden. Inzwischen werden die Quellcodes einiger Eigenentwicklungen zur kostenfreien Nachnutzung angeboten. Die Programme unterstützen Chat- oder E-Mail-basierte Auskunftsdienste; manche sind modular aufgebaut und können für beide Varianten eingesetzt werden. Um punktuell vorhandenes Spezialwissen und die insgesamt zur Verfügung stehenden Personalressourcen effizient nutzen und damit die Auskunftsuchenden optimal bedienen zu können, schließen sich immer mehr Bibliotheken zu kooperativen digitalen Auskunftsdiensten zusammen. Vorreiter dieses Modells in Deutschland war die Deutsche Internetbibliothek, die neben einer strukturierten Linksammlung eine E-Mail-Auskunft anbietet. In der DIB hatten sich in einem von der Bertelsmann-Stiftung geförderten Projekt 70 öffentliche Bibliotheken zusammengeschlossen, inzwischen ist der Teilnehmerkreis weiter angewachsen. Im Herbst 2004 startete mit InfoPoint die erste Auskunftskooperative in Deutschland, in der Bibliotheken verschiedener Typen, Größe und Ausrichtung zusammenarbeiten und ebenfalls einen E-Mail-basierten Dienst anbieten. Dans l’acception la plus courante, la référence virtuelle concerne un service rendu aux lecteurs d'une bibliothèque par le biais d’Internet. Le lecteur, à l’extérieur de la bibliothèque, et parfois pendant les heures de fermeture de cette dernière, pose une question ; un bibliothécaire lui répond, immédiatement ou en différé, généralement en utilisant la même technique.La référence virtuelle peut être synchrone ou asynchrone.
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