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應用層閘道 Application-level gateway Application Layer Gateway Application-level gateway Application-level gateway Application-level gateway
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Application-level gateway, или ALG (с англ. — «шлюз прикладного уровня») — компонент NAT-маршрутизатора, который понимает какой-либо прикладной протокол, и при прохождении через него пакетов этого протокола модифицирует их таким образом, что находящиеся за NAT пользователи могут пользоваться протоколом. Das Application Layer Gateway (kurz ALG oder Application-Level Gateway) stellt eine Sicherheitskomponente in einem Computernetzwerk dar. Bei der Übertragung von Daten in einem Netzwerk verwenden einige Protokolle wie beispielsweise TFTP oder RTP einen zufällig gewählten Port, was zur Folge hat, dass auf einem Server eine große Anzahl an Ports geöffnet sein muss. Durch diese Tatsache werden Angriffe auf das System einfacher. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, ermöglicht das ALG eine dynamische Portfreigabe, was bedeutet, dass nur die Ports geöffnet werden, die auch für aktuelle Sessions benötigt werden. Dans le contexte des réseaux informatiques, une Application-level gateway ou passerelle au niveau de l’application (également appelée ALG, passerelle de couche d’application, passerelle d’application, proxy d’application ou proxy au niveau de l’application) consiste en un composant de sécurité qui complète un pare-feu ou NAT utilisé dans un réseau informatique. Il permet aux filtres de traversée NAT personnalisés d'être connectés à la passerelle afin de prendre en charge la traduction d'adresse et de port pour certains protocoles de « contrôle / données » de couche d'application tels que FTP, BitTorrent, SIP, RTSP, le transfert de fichiers dans les applications de messagerie instantanée, , etc. In informatica un Application-level gateway o ALG è una componente di sicurezza dei firewall in una rete di computer, che permette di aggiungere filtri NAT personalizzati al gateway per fornire una migliore traduzione degli indirizzi IP e delle porte nel caso in cui si usino certi protocolli del livello applicazione come FTP, BitTorrent, SIP, RTSP, trasferimento dei file con applicazioni di messaggistica istantanea. An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a computer network. It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support address and port translation for certain application layer "control/data" protocols such as FTP, BitTorrent, SIP, RTSP, file transfer in IM applications. In order for these protocols to work through NAT or a firewall, either the application has to know about an address/port number combination that allows incoming packets, or the NAT has to monitor the control traffic and open up port mappings (firewall pinholes) dynamically as required. Legitimate application data can thus be pa 應用層闡道（英語：Application Layer Gateway，或application-level gateway，縮寫為ALG） 是一種NAT穿透技術。就應用層面來說，它允許修改匣道上的NAT traversal的過濾規則，完成特定網路傳輸協定上的地址和端口的轉換。舉例來說，像FTP、BitTorrent、SIP、RTSP、IPsec、L2TP、H.323，這些都可以使用ALG來針對應用程式在位址及通訊埠轉換上的需求。在中定義了這個功能。 ALG可隱藏內部主機的IP位址。
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Das Application Layer Gateway (kurz ALG oder Application-Level Gateway) stellt eine Sicherheitskomponente in einem Computernetzwerk dar. Bei der Übertragung von Daten in einem Netzwerk verwenden einige Protokolle wie beispielsweise TFTP oder RTP einen zufällig gewählten Port, was zur Folge hat, dass auf einem Server eine große Anzahl an Ports geöffnet sein muss. Durch diese Tatsache werden Angriffe auf das System einfacher. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, ermöglicht das ALG eine dynamische Portfreigabe, was bedeutet, dass nur die Ports geöffnet werden, die auch für aktuelle Sessions benötigt werden. Ein Application Layer Gateway stellt in seiner Funktionsweise eine Stateful Inspection Firewall dar, was nicht mit einer Application-Level-Firewall zu verwechseln ist! In informatica un Application-level gateway o ALG è una componente di sicurezza dei firewall in una rete di computer, che permette di aggiungere filtri NAT personalizzati al gateway per fornire una migliore traduzione degli indirizzi IP e delle porte nel caso in cui si usino certi protocolli del livello applicazione come FTP, BitTorrent, SIP, RTSP, trasferimento dei file con applicazioni di messaggistica istantanea. Application-level gateway, или ALG (с англ. — «шлюз прикладного уровня») — компонент NAT-маршрутизатора, который понимает какой-либо прикладной протокол, и при прохождении через него пакетов этого протокола модифицирует их таким образом, что находящиеся за NAT пользователи могут пользоваться протоколом. Dans le contexte des réseaux informatiques, une Application-level gateway ou passerelle au niveau de l’application (également appelée ALG, passerelle de couche d’application, passerelle d’application, proxy d’application ou proxy au niveau de l’application) consiste en un composant de sécurité qui complète un pare-feu ou NAT utilisé dans un réseau informatique. Il permet aux filtres de traversée NAT personnalisés d'être connectés à la passerelle afin de prendre en charge la traduction d'adresse et de port pour certains protocoles de « contrôle / données » de couche d'application tels que FTP, BitTorrent, SIP, RTSP, le transfert de fichiers dans les applications de messagerie instantanée, , etc. Pour que les protocoles fonctionnent via NAT ou un pare-feu, l’application doit connaître une combinaison adresse / numéro de port autorisant les paquets entrants ou le NAT doit surveiller le trafic de contrôle et ouvrir des mappages de ports (perforations de pare-feu) de manière dynamique. Les données d'application légitimes peuvent ainsi être transmises lors des contrôles de sécurité du pare-feu ou du NAT, ce qui aurait autrement restreint le trafic pour ne pas répondre à ses critères de filtre limités. 應用層闡道（英語：Application Layer Gateway，或application-level gateway，縮寫為ALG） 是一種NAT穿透技術。就應用層面來說，它允許修改匣道上的NAT traversal的過濾規則，完成特定網路傳輸協定上的地址和端口的轉換。舉例來說，像FTP、BitTorrent、SIP、RTSP、IPsec、L2TP、H.323，這些都可以使用ALG來針對應用程式在位址及通訊埠轉換上的需求。在中定義了這個功能。 ALG可隱藏內部主機的IP位址。 An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a computer network. It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support address and port translation for certain application layer "control/data" protocols such as FTP, BitTorrent, SIP, RTSP, file transfer in IM applications. In order for these protocols to work through NAT or a firewall, either the application has to know about an address/port number combination that allows incoming packets, or the NAT has to monitor the control traffic and open up port mappings (firewall pinholes) dynamically as required. Legitimate application data can thus be passed through the security checks of the firewall or NAT that would have otherwise restricted the traffic for not meeting its limited filter criteria.
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