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The Zhukaigou culture was a late Neolithic and early Bronze Age culture centered in the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China. The type site at Zhukaigou was discovered in Ejin Horo Banner, Inner Mongolia, and excavated from 1977 to 1984. Zhukaigou culture is a reputed progenitor of the Ordos bronze culture and accordingly a first "Northern Zone" culture, extending to northern and central Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, and northern Shanxi, with the Ordos region at its center. Transition to metalworking is dated to around the end of the third millennium BCE, at the same time was attained a higher level in the ceramic. Zhukaigou culture lasted to c. 1500 BCE.

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  • حضارة جوكايغو (朱開溝文化) في الصين هي حضارة من العصر الحجري الحديث المتأخر و و بداية العصر البرونزي المبكر هذه الحضارة مركزها في هضبة الاوردوس في منغوليا الداخلية التابعة للصين مكانها الدقيق في زوكايغو اكتشف في لواء ايجين هورو في منغوليا الداخلية و تم التنقيب فيه بين 1977 و 1984 ربما هي وليدة حضارة الاوردوس البرونزية و وهي الإنتاج الشمالي لها ثم توسعت إلى شمال و وسط منغوليا الداخلية و شمال شانكسي و شمال شنخي مع وجود منطقة الاوردوس في وسطها ان الانتقال إلى تطويع المعدن يعود إلى حوالي مهاية الألف الثالثة قبل الميلاد و في نفس الوقت تم الوصول إلى أعلى درجات اتقان صناعة الخزف دامت هذه الحضارة إلى حوالي 1500 ق م * بوابة التاريخ (ar)
  • Die Zhukaigou-Stätte (chinesisch 朱開溝遗址 / 朱开沟遗址, Pinyin Zhūkāigōu yízhǐ) ist eine archäologische Stätte einer frühen bronzezeitlichen Kultur auf der Löss-Hochebene des östlichen Ordos-Plateaus im Ejinhoro-Banner in der Inneren Mongolei, Volksrepublik China. Inzwischen wird davon ausgegangen, dass sie einer eigenen Kultur, der Zhukaigou-Kultur (Zhukaigou wenhua 朱开沟文化/朱開溝文化), angehört, deren drei Phasen dieser Stätte auf die Zeit von ca. 1900–1300 v. Chr. datiert werden. Die Stätte wurde in den Jahren 1977 bis 1984 vom ausgegraben. Freigelegt wurden 83 Häuser, 329 Grabstätten und eine große Menge an Töpfereierzeugnissen sowie Stein- und Bronzeartefakten. Die Zhukaigou-Stätte im Ejinhoro-Banner steht seit 2006 auf der Liste der Denkmäler der Volksrepublik China (6-31) (de)
  • The Zhukaigou culture was a late Neolithic and early Bronze Age culture centered in the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China. The type site at Zhukaigou was discovered in Ejin Horo Banner, Inner Mongolia, and excavated from 1977 to 1984. Zhukaigou culture is a reputed progenitor of the Ordos bronze culture and accordingly a first "Northern Zone" culture, extending to northern and central Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, and northern Shanxi, with the Ordos region at its center. Transition to metalworking is dated to around the end of the third millennium BCE, at the same time was attained a higher level in the ceramic. Zhukaigou culture lasted to c. 1500 BCE. The culture appears to have begun as one of hunter-gatherers, followed by an agricultural phase, which following environmental degradation and perhaps the domestication of the horse, increasingly depended on pastoralism, perhaps the nomadic pastoralism of the succeeding Ordos culture. The Zhukaigou culture is associated with about 327 burials, with recent maternal genetic evidence showing that they were related to the remains from Yinniugou, as well as modern populations like Daurs and Evenks. The archaeological finds at the site are similar to those of the lower Xiajiadian culture. These finds are important, as they are associated with the development of snake pattern designs on the decoration of weapon and animal-depicting artifacts, which later would become a characteristic style of the Ordos. Archaeologists have divided the culture into five phases, corresponding with the late stage of the Longshan culture, the early, middle and late stages of the Erlitou culture, and the early stage of the Erligang culture. The early phase of the culture was influenced by the Longshan culture, while the middle phases were influenced by the Qijia culture; it was during this time frame when bronze artefacts begin to appear in the material culture. At this point, Zhukaigou people were agriculturalists, with millet as a main staple; they also had sheep, pigs, and cattle. By the second millennium BC, the Zhukaigou people started using oracle-bone divination, a practice that was closely associated with Shang culture and statecraft. Shang-type artifacts suggest that around the mid-second millennium BCE increased contacts between the local Zhukaigou people and the Shang, or that the Shang culture extended northward. Shang ritual vessels, such as ding and jue, and weapons appear there during the Erlitou (2100–1800 [1500?] BCE) and Erligang (c. 1500–1,400 BCE) periods. Bronze objects dated to the last period of existence of Zhukaigou culture c. 1500 BCE point to native production of a mixed complex of bronze objects that included typical "Northern Zone" items like daggers, with typical Shang ge (戈) dagger-axes, and knives that reveal both Shang and northern features. In the late period of Zhukaigou culture, c. 1,500 BCE, motifs like snake patterns and the flower-shaped edge of the li (鬲) vessel appeared, which archaeologists regard as characteristic of later nomadic peoples of this area. During the last phase of the Zhukaigou culture, the former practice of sheep and pig sacrifices was gradually being replaced by the practice of dog sacrifices. (en)
  • De Zhukaigou-cultuur (朱开沟文化) was een cultuur die ontwikkeld werd in het late Neolithicum en de vroege Bronstijd (2000–1400 v.Chr.). De cultuur bevond zich voornamelijk in het midden van de Ordoswoestijn van Binnen-Mongolië, China. Archeologen hebben de cultuurontwikkeling verdeeld over vijf fasen, die overeenkomen met de late fase van de Longshancultuur, de vroege, midden en late stadia van de Erlitoucultuur en het vroege stadium van de Erligangcultuur. De vroege fase van de cultuur werd beïnvloed door de Longshan-cultuur, terwijl de middelste fasen werden beïnvloed door de Qijiacultuur. Zhukaigou-mensen waren landbouwers, met gierst als hoofdvoedsel. Ze hadden ook schapen, varkens en runderen. Ze wordt opgevolgd door de Ordoscultuur. (nl)
  • Культура Чжукайгоу, кит. 朱開溝文化, Zhukaigou (2200—1500 гг. до н. э.) — археологическая культура позднего неолита и раннего бронзового века, существовавшая на Ордосском плато на территории современного китайского автономного района Внутренняя Монголия. Типовой памятник, Чжукайгоу (хошун Эцзинь, аймак Алашань, Внутренняя Монголия) был раскопан в 1977—1984 гг. Археологи подразделяют развитие данной культуры на пять стадий, соответствующих поздней стадии культуры Луншань, ранней, средней и поздней стадиям культуры Эрлитоу и ранней стадии культуры Эрлиган. На ранних стадиях на данную культуру повлияла культура Луншань, на средней стадии — культура Цицзя; именно в этот период в материальной культуре начинают появляться бронзовые артефакты. На последней стадии культуры Чжукайгоу прежняя практика принесения в жертву овец и свиней была постепенно заменена на принесение в жертву собак. (ru)
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  • c. 2000 – c. 1400 BC (en)
dbp:name
  • Zhukaigou culture (en)
dbp:period
  • late Neolithic to early Bronze Age (en)
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  • حضارة جوكايغو (朱開溝文化) في الصين هي حضارة من العصر الحجري الحديث المتأخر و و بداية العصر البرونزي المبكر هذه الحضارة مركزها في هضبة الاوردوس في منغوليا الداخلية التابعة للصين مكانها الدقيق في زوكايغو اكتشف في لواء ايجين هورو في منغوليا الداخلية و تم التنقيب فيه بين 1977 و 1984 ربما هي وليدة حضارة الاوردوس البرونزية و وهي الإنتاج الشمالي لها ثم توسعت إلى شمال و وسط منغوليا الداخلية و شمال شانكسي و شمال شنخي مع وجود منطقة الاوردوس في وسطها ان الانتقال إلى تطويع المعدن يعود إلى حوالي مهاية الألف الثالثة قبل الميلاد و في نفس الوقت تم الوصول إلى أعلى درجات اتقان صناعة الخزف * بوابة التاريخ (ar)
  • Die Zhukaigou-Stätte (chinesisch 朱開溝遗址 / 朱开沟遗址, Pinyin Zhūkāigōu yízhǐ) ist eine archäologische Stätte einer frühen bronzezeitlichen Kultur auf der Löss-Hochebene des östlichen Ordos-Plateaus im Ejinhoro-Banner in der Inneren Mongolei, Volksrepublik China. Inzwischen wird davon ausgegangen, dass sie einer eigenen Kultur, der Zhukaigou-Kultur (Zhukaigou wenhua 朱开沟文化/朱開溝文化), angehört, deren drei Phasen dieser Stätte auf die Zeit von ca. 1900–1300 v. Chr. datiert werden. Die Zhukaigou-Stätte im Ejinhoro-Banner steht seit 2006 auf der Liste der Denkmäler der Volksrepublik China (6-31) (de)
  • The Zhukaigou culture was a late Neolithic and early Bronze Age culture centered in the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China. The type site at Zhukaigou was discovered in Ejin Horo Banner, Inner Mongolia, and excavated from 1977 to 1984. Zhukaigou culture is a reputed progenitor of the Ordos bronze culture and accordingly a first "Northern Zone" culture, extending to northern and central Inner Mongolia, northern Shaanxi, and northern Shanxi, with the Ordos region at its center. Transition to metalworking is dated to around the end of the third millennium BCE, at the same time was attained a higher level in the ceramic. Zhukaigou culture lasted to c. 1500 BCE. (en)
  • De Zhukaigou-cultuur (朱开沟文化) was een cultuur die ontwikkeld werd in het late Neolithicum en de vroege Bronstijd (2000–1400 v.Chr.). De cultuur bevond zich voornamelijk in het midden van de Ordoswoestijn van Binnen-Mongolië, China. Archeologen hebben de cultuurontwikkeling verdeeld over vijf fasen, die overeenkomen met de late fase van de Longshancultuur, de vroege, midden en late stadia van de Erlitoucultuur en het vroege stadium van de Erligangcultuur. De vroege fase van de cultuur werd beïnvloed door de Longshan-cultuur, terwijl de middelste fasen werden beïnvloed door de Qijiacultuur. (nl)
  • Культура Чжукайгоу, кит. 朱開溝文化, Zhukaigou (2200—1500 гг. до н. э.) — археологическая культура позднего неолита и раннего бронзового века, существовавшая на Ордосском плато на территории современного китайского автономного района Внутренняя Монголия. Типовой памятник, Чжукайгоу (хошун Эцзинь, аймак Алашань, Внутренняя Монголия) был раскопан в 1977—1984 гг. (ru)
rdfs:label
  • حضارة جوكايغو (ar)
  • Zhukaigou (de)
  • Zhukaigoucultuur (nl)
  • Чжукайгоу (ru)
  • Zhukaigou culture (en)
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