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Measurement of wow and flutter is carried out on audio tape machines, cassette recorders and players, and other analog recording and reproduction devices with rotary components (e.g. movie projectors, turntables (vinyl recording), etc.) This measurement quantifies the amount of 'frequency wobble' (caused by speed fluctuations) present in subjectively valid terms. Turntables tend to suffer mainly slow wow. In digital systems, which are locked to crystal oscillators, variations in clock timing are referred to as wander or jitter, depending on speed.

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  • Le pleurage et scintillement (W&F pour Wow and Flutter) est une déformation du son d'origine à la suite d'un enregistrement sur un support comme un disque microsillon, une bande magnétique ou une cassette audio. (fr)
  • ワウフラッター(英語:wow and flutter)とは、録音再生機器の回転部のムラによって発生する周波数変化のこと。デジタル制御機器では回転ムラがあっても再生機器の水晶発振器の精度と同程度まで小さくできる。 ワウは周期の長いもの、フラッターは周期の短いものを示す。この2つを合わせて音揺れの評価用語になっている。数値は%で表される。要因としてはテープレコーダーやレコードプレーヤーの送り電動機(モーター)の回転が安定しないことで起こるが、機械的な不安定さにより発生する場合もある。モーターの制御がになってからはこの現象は激減したが、商用電源に同期したシンクロナスモーターの時代には多く発生した。小型のテープレコーダーやラジオカセット、カーオーディオ、ヘッドホンステレオ等のカセットプレーヤー、更に近年の普及価格帯の据置型のカセットデッキなどでは駆動用としてDCサーボモーターやDCモーターが使用されているため、モーター駆動用に周波数を作り直す回路が用いられ、温度などによりしばしば回転の不安定さを生じることがある。 (ja)
  • Measurement of wow and flutter is carried out on audio tape machines, cassette recorders and players, and other analog recording and reproduction devices with rotary components (e.g. movie projectors, turntables (vinyl recording), etc.) This measurement quantifies the amount of 'frequency wobble' (caused by speed fluctuations) present in subjectively valid terms. Turntables tend to suffer mainly slow wow. In digital systems, which are locked to crystal oscillators, variations in clock timing are referred to as wander or jitter, depending on speed. While the terms wow and flutter used to be used separately (for wobbles at a rate below and above 4 Hz respectively), they tend to be combined now that universal standards exist for measurement which take both into account simultaneously. Listeners find flutter most objectionable when the actual frequency of wobble is 4 Hz, and less audible above and below this rate. This fact forms the basis for the weighting curve shown here. The weighting curve is misleading, inasmuch as it presumes inaudibility of flutters above 200 Hz, when actually faster flutters are quite damaging to the sound. A flutter of 200 Hz at a level of -50db will create 0.3% intermodulation distortion, which would be considered unacceptable in a preamp or amplifier. (en)
  • Il termine Wow and Flutter è uno dei parametri che definiscono le caratteristiche di un apparecchio di riproduzione audio in tecnologia analogica, in particolare è riferito a registratori a nastro e giradischi. Il valore misurato, espresso in percentuale, indica il grado di precisione e costanza di rotazione dei dispositivi meccanici preposti al trascinamento del supporto magnetico o alla rotazione del piatto giradischi per dischi in vinile. Il trascinamento del nastro in un registratore, avviene tramite un albero motore, sul quale viene premuto il nastro da una ruota libera in gomma; eventuali irregolarità o variazioni di velocità del capstan o usura del pinch roller, provocano conseguenti irregolarità nella riproduzione del suono. In un giradischi, eventuali irregolarità di rotazione possono essere dovute a variazioni di velocità del motore, imperfezioni o degrado della cinghia di trasmissione in gomma o difetti di bilanciamento del piatto; in modo analogo al nastro, eventuali irregolarità di rotazione, si ripercuotono nella riproduzione del suono inciso nel disco. Per ridurre al minimo le variazioni di velocità dei motori, in modo analogo agli orologi, questi sono azionati da un circuito pilotato da un oscillatore al quarzo. (it)
  • Wow en flutter zijn fouten in de opname of weergave van een roterende geluidsdrager, zoals een grammofoonplaat, magneetband of compact cassette, die worden veroorzaakt door variaties in de draaisnelheid. Dit heet frequentie-modulatie van het geluid. Bij wow gaat het om langzame variaties (circa 0,1-10 Hz), bij flutter om snelle (meer dan ongeveer 10 Hz). De mate van wow en flutter wordt gewoonlijk gespecificeerd als een gezamenlijk getal, uitgedrukt in procenten. Hoe lager, hoe beter. (nl)
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  • Le pleurage et scintillement (W&F pour Wow and Flutter) est une déformation du son d'origine à la suite d'un enregistrement sur un support comme un disque microsillon, une bande magnétique ou une cassette audio. (fr)
  • ワウフラッター(英語:wow and flutter)とは、録音再生機器の回転部のムラによって発生する周波数変化のこと。デジタル制御機器では回転ムラがあっても再生機器の水晶発振器の精度と同程度まで小さくできる。 ワウは周期の長いもの、フラッターは周期の短いものを示す。この2つを合わせて音揺れの評価用語になっている。数値は%で表される。要因としてはテープレコーダーやレコードプレーヤーの送り電動機(モーター)の回転が安定しないことで起こるが、機械的な不安定さにより発生する場合もある。モーターの制御がになってからはこの現象は激減したが、商用電源に同期したシンクロナスモーターの時代には多く発生した。小型のテープレコーダーやラジオカセット、カーオーディオ、ヘッドホンステレオ等のカセットプレーヤー、更に近年の普及価格帯の据置型のカセットデッキなどでは駆動用としてDCサーボモーターやDCモーターが使用されているため、モーター駆動用に周波数を作り直す回路が用いられ、温度などによりしばしば回転の不安定さを生じることがある。 (ja)
  • Wow en flutter zijn fouten in de opname of weergave van een roterende geluidsdrager, zoals een grammofoonplaat, magneetband of compact cassette, die worden veroorzaakt door variaties in de draaisnelheid. Dit heet frequentie-modulatie van het geluid. Bij wow gaat het om langzame variaties (circa 0,1-10 Hz), bij flutter om snelle (meer dan ongeveer 10 Hz). De mate van wow en flutter wordt gewoonlijk gespecificeerd als een gezamenlijk getal, uitgedrukt in procenten. Hoe lager, hoe beter. (nl)
  • Measurement of wow and flutter is carried out on audio tape machines, cassette recorders and players, and other analog recording and reproduction devices with rotary components (e.g. movie projectors, turntables (vinyl recording), etc.) This measurement quantifies the amount of 'frequency wobble' (caused by speed fluctuations) present in subjectively valid terms. Turntables tend to suffer mainly slow wow. In digital systems, which are locked to crystal oscillators, variations in clock timing are referred to as wander or jitter, depending on speed. (en)
  • Il termine Wow and Flutter è uno dei parametri che definiscono le caratteristiche di un apparecchio di riproduzione audio in tecnologia analogica, in particolare è riferito a registratori a nastro e giradischi. (it)
rdfs:label
  • Pleurage et scintillement (fr)
  • Wow and Flutter (it)
  • ワウフラッター (ja)
  • Wow en flutter (nl)
  • Wow and flutter measurement (en)
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