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- ... by the middle of 1915, the Germans had completely broken down British Playfair. At the same time they recognised its flexibility and simplicity, and decided they could make it more secure and adapt it for their own use. Instead of using one 5 x 5 square and dividing the clear text into bigrams in the way I have just described, they used two squares and wrote the whole message out in key-lengths on specially prepared squared message forms arranged in double lines of a given length. (en)
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