About: Trigonalidae

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Trigonalidae (the spelling Trigonalyidae is incorrect under Article 29.5 of the ICZN, also historically sometimes spelled Trigonaloidae, based on an unjustified emendation) is one of the more unusual families of hymenopteran insects, of indeterminate affinity within the suborder Apocrita (though sometimes believed to be related to the Evanioidea), and presently placed in a unique superfamily, Trigonaloidea, and the only extant taxon in the superfamily. The other putative related taxon is the extinct family Maimetshidae, known from the Cretaceous period. Trigonalidae are divided into 2 subfamilies; and . These wasps are extremely rare, but surprisingly diverse, with over 90 species in 16 genera, and are known from all parts of the world. It is possibly the sister group to all Aculeata.

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  • Die Trigonalidae sind eine Familie der Hautflügler. Sie gehören dort zu den ursprünglicheren Vertretern der Taillenwespen, die früher als "Legimmen" oder Parasitica zusammengefasst wurden. Die weltweit verbreitete Familie hat etwa 90 Arten, von denen eine auch in Deutschland vorkommt. Die Familie ist wegen ihrer besonderen Lebensweise bemerkenswert. (de)
  • La familia Trigonalidae (a veces escrita Trigonalyidae, aunque la primera tiene precedencia)​ es una de las familias más inusuales de los insectos himenópteros, de afinidad indeterminada dentro del suborden Apocrita (aunque algunos creen que está más relacionada con Evanioidea). Actualmente se la coloca dentro de su propia superfamila Trigonaloidea. Se la divide en dos subfamilias, Orthogonalinae y Trigonalinae. Estas avispas son sumamente escasas, pero, curiosamente presentan gran diversidad, con alrededor de 90 especies en más de 15 géneros.​ Por lo general son de colores brillantes, con largas antenas de numerosos segmentos. Están distribuidas por todo el mundo. Se conoce muy poco de ellas. Su ciclo biológico parece casi improbable: en la mayoría de las especies la hembra deposita miles de huevos diminutos, prendiéndolos a los bordes de las hojas o inyectándolos dentro de ellas. El huevo necesita ser consumido por una oruga. Una vez dentro de ella, usa una de dos estrategias: o bien eclosiona inmediatamente y la larva comienza a atacar a otros parasitoides presentes dentro de la oruga, incluyendo sus propios hermanos, o espera hasta que la oruga sea cazada por una avispa vespida para alimentación de su larva, a la cual ataca. Por lo tanto los trigonálidos son parasitoides o hiperparasitoides, pero en una forma desusada en la que el huevo tiene que ser tragado por el huésped primario. Como excepción, existen unas pocas especies que parasitan a las larvas de himenópteros sínfitos.​ (es)
  • Trigonalidae (the spelling Trigonalyidae is incorrect under Article 29.5 of the ICZN, also historically sometimes spelled Trigonaloidae, based on an unjustified emendation) is one of the more unusual families of hymenopteran insects, of indeterminate affinity within the suborder Apocrita (though sometimes believed to be related to the Evanioidea), and presently placed in a unique superfamily, Trigonaloidea, and the only extant taxon in the superfamily. The other putative related taxon is the extinct family Maimetshidae, known from the Cretaceous period. Trigonalidae are divided into 2 subfamilies; and . These wasps are extremely rare, but surprisingly diverse, with over 90 species in 16 genera, and are known from all parts of the world. It is possibly the sister group to all Aculeata. What little is known about the biology of these insects indicates a remarkably improbable life history: in nearly all known species, females lay thousands of minute eggs, "clamping" them to the edges of, or injecting them inside leaves. The egg must then be consumed by a caterpillar. Once inside the caterpillar, the trigonalid egg either hatches and attacks any other parasitoid larvae (including its siblings) in the caterpillar, or it waits until the caterpillar is killed and fed to a vespid larva, which it then attacks. If the caterpillar is neither attacked by another parasitoid nor fed to a vespid, the trigonalid larva fails to develop. Therefore, they are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids, but in a manner virtually unique among the insects, in that the eggs must be swallowed by a host, and even more unusual in that there may be an intermediate host. A few species are known exceptions, which directly parasitise sawflies. The fossil record of the family is poor, and there are no confirmed members of the family prior to the Cenozoic, with the oldest being from the Ypresian Eocene Okanagan Highlands in western North America. A possible specimen is known from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber of Myanmar, but this differs substantially from modern members of the family, and may belong to the stem-group. (en)
  • Trigonalidae (por vez designada como Trigonalyidae) é uma família de himenópteros. Trata-se de uma das famílias menos usuais, com uma afinidade indeterminada dentro do grupo Apocrita, presentemente colocada na sua própria superfamília, Trigonaloidea. Trigonalidae está dividida em duas subfamílias, e . São vespas muito raras, mas com uma diversidade elevada, com cerca de 90 espécies em 15 géneros, estando distribuídas por todo o mundo. Do pouco que se sabe sobre a biologia destes insectos, ressaltam alguns aspectos, nomeadamente as fêmeas colocarem milhares de ovos, fixando-os nas margens de folhas ou injectando-os nas mesmas. O ovo deve depois ser consumido por uma lagarta. Uma vez dentro da lagarta, o ovo eclode e a larva ataca outras larvas de outros parasitóides, ou então espera até que a lagarta morra e seja consumida por uma larva de vespa que depois ataca. São pois parasitóides ou , mas de uma maneira única dentro dos insectos, visto que o ovo tem que ser engolido pelo hospedeiro. Algumas espécie parasitam directamente moscas-serra. (pt)
  • Тригоналиды (лат. Trigonalidae, Trigonalyidae) — семейство наездников, единственное в составе надсемейства Trigonaloidea. Более 120 видов из 22 или 16 родов. (ru)
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  • Cresson, 1887 (en)
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  • Orthogonalys pulchella (en)
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  • *See text (en)
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  • Genera (en)
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  • Trigonalyidae Krieger, 1894 (en)
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  • Trigonalidae (en)
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  • Die Trigonalidae sind eine Familie der Hautflügler. Sie gehören dort zu den ursprünglicheren Vertretern der Taillenwespen, die früher als "Legimmen" oder Parasitica zusammengefasst wurden. Die weltweit verbreitete Familie hat etwa 90 Arten, von denen eine auch in Deutschland vorkommt. Die Familie ist wegen ihrer besonderen Lebensweise bemerkenswert. (de)
  • Тригоналиды (лат. Trigonalidae, Trigonalyidae) — семейство наездников, единственное в составе надсемейства Trigonaloidea. Более 120 видов из 22 или 16 родов. (ru)
  • La familia Trigonalidae (a veces escrita Trigonalyidae, aunque la primera tiene precedencia)​ es una de las familias más inusuales de los insectos himenópteros, de afinidad indeterminada dentro del suborden Apocrita (aunque algunos creen que está más relacionada con Evanioidea). Actualmente se la coloca dentro de su propia superfamila Trigonaloidea. Se la divide en dos subfamilias, Orthogonalinae y Trigonalinae. Estas avispas son sumamente escasas, pero, curiosamente presentan gran diversidad, con alrededor de 90 especies en más de 15 géneros.​ (es)
  • Trigonalidae (the spelling Trigonalyidae is incorrect under Article 29.5 of the ICZN, also historically sometimes spelled Trigonaloidae, based on an unjustified emendation) is one of the more unusual families of hymenopteran insects, of indeterminate affinity within the suborder Apocrita (though sometimes believed to be related to the Evanioidea), and presently placed in a unique superfamily, Trigonaloidea, and the only extant taxon in the superfamily. The other putative related taxon is the extinct family Maimetshidae, known from the Cretaceous period. Trigonalidae are divided into 2 subfamilies; and . These wasps are extremely rare, but surprisingly diverse, with over 90 species in 16 genera, and are known from all parts of the world. It is possibly the sister group to all Aculeata. (en)
  • Trigonalidae (por vez designada como Trigonalyidae) é uma família de himenópteros. Trata-se de uma das famílias menos usuais, com uma afinidade indeterminada dentro do grupo Apocrita, presentemente colocada na sua própria superfamília, Trigonaloidea. Trigonalidae está dividida em duas subfamílias, e . São vespas muito raras, mas com uma diversidade elevada, com cerca de 90 espécies em 15 géneros, estando distribuídas por todo o mundo. (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Trigonalidae (de)
  • Trigonalidae (es)
  • Trigonalidae (pt)
  • Trigonalidae (en)
  • Тригоналиды (ru)
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