Topological excitations are certain features of classical solutions of gauge field theories. Namely, a gauge field theory on a manifold with a gauge group may possess classical solutions with a (quantized) topological invariant called topological charge. The term topological excitation especially refers to a situation when the topological charge is an integral of a localized quantity. Examples: 1) , , the topological charge is called magnetic flux. 2) , , the topological charge is called magnetic charge.
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