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- The lands of Tlachichila were possibly occupied by the Caxcanes, back in the XV century. At that time they faced the army of Cristóbal de Oñate, Nuño de Guzmán, Pedro de Alvarado and the viceroy Antonio de Mendoza. Separating etymologically Tlachichila would be thus: TLA, indeterminate relative pronoun to denote things and CHICHILOA, to make red or colored an object.... Probably with time and the diachrony of the language, the word Tlachichilli through metathesis became Tlachichila. The word Tlachichinoa or Tlachichinol appears, which means: plumbaginaceous plant. This plant was cultivated many years ago in this region and that could have been the origin of the name for the community. Its origin is closely linked to the history of Nochistlán, with the Caxcana tribe that fought bravely against the Spanish domination, and somehow managed to defend itself several times from the attack of the Spanish army. During the 17th century, haciendas appeared as the main sources of production in the new Spain. Some of them kept their name, designated by the Spaniards, and others kept the original name of the region. This is the case of Tlachichila, located in the Nochistleca region. It is believed that in this region there were formerly four very important haciendas. They were: La hacienda de la Luz, La hacienda de San Pedro, La hacienda de San Andrés and La hacienda de San Agustín. All of them were properties of different Spanish families. The hacienda of San Agustin was initially owned by the Spaniard Luis Estrada, who in turn would inherit it to his sons, then they sold it to Mr. Praxedis Portillo, who would sell it to the Perez family. For some reason the hacienda of San Agustin changed its name to the hacienda of Tlachichila and also changed its location. The first location it had, was the place where the communal cemetery is today approximately. As time went by, the Tlachichila hacienda had as steward of the Perez family Mr. Macedonio Villagrana, who in due time would marry Maria Guadalupe Perez, daughter of the hacienda owners. The Mexican Revolution movement made that the legitimate owners had to abandon the hacienda, fact for which they named Mr. Villagrana as heir. Macedonio Villagrana and his wife procreated two daughters: María Guadalupe Villagrana Pérez and her sister, who were the heirs of this hacienda in Tlachichila. Near the Tlachichila hacienda there were small haciendas, the Oropeza's and the Avelar's, the first was called the Huiscolco hacienda and the second the Indalecio Avelar hacienda. Starting in 1930, after having suffered the ravages of the most unjust struggles in Mexico, the Cristeros revolution, Tlachichila began its enormous development in all areas. First it would go from hacienda de Tlachichila to hacienda de San Agustín de Tlachichila, and as someone wanted to name it (1926) to simply Tlachichila. Already with its current location, the transformation process began. The zacate huts disappeared to give way to adobe houses, and thanks to the vision of Marcos Huerta, they already had urban planning in their construction. The first inhabitants of this town are some of the former haciendas. Luis Estrada, Praxedis Portillo, Pérez family, Macedonio Villagrana, María Guadalupe Villagrana Pérez, J. Guadalupe García, Oropeza family, Avelar family, Don Marcos Huerta and Francisca Ruvalcaba. Patrimonial family. Parents of the town of Tlachichila. The parish church is an architectural work of the 19th century. Its history is linked to the appearance of the first hacienda of San Agustin. It was located in the southeastern part of the present town. It has a flat and simple facade. Its construction is of stone, in two central pillars there are two stones dated 1880 and 1885. Possibly these were brought from the old temple along with all the quarry stones found in the old hacienda. The image that is most venerated in Tlachichila is the image of San Agustín, which is located in the main altar of the temple. At the beginning the temple was very small but in 1938 it was enlarged because it only had the center and when it was enlarged they put arches. The construction of the current temple began on April 4, 1879 directed by an engineer from the city of Aguascalientes, placing the first stone Don Isidro Argüelles, precisely in the same place where the town chapel is located, with permission granted by Archbishop Don Pedro Loza of the Diocese of Guadalajara. The priests who contributed to the improvement of the town were: Porfirio Preciado (1914- ).Antonio García Uribe (1914-1917). He built the vaults of the temple. Ignacio Carranza (1917-1928). Erection of the parish for the first time. Ignacio Gutiérrez (1936-1940). He rebuilt the community after the religious persecution, repaired the sacristy, installed electricity in the parsonage and introduced the radio service. Enrique Sandoval (1949-1951). He promoted the spiritual life with worship and associations. He founded Catholic Action in all its branches, organized catechesis with a good team, founded night adoration with four shifts, built the chapel in Jocoyole and enlarged the parish church with lateral naves. Rosario de la Torre (1953-1951). He built the house where the offices are currently located, acquired the land of the plaza and that of the Temple of the Virgin of Fatima. He initiated the construction of the temple of Fatima. Carlos Gómez Huerta. Remodeling of the atrium, replacement of the bells, renovation of doors and windows of the temple, erection of the parish for the second time, electrification of the temple and the town. José María Padilla García (1958-1979). Promoted the institution of the social house, enlarged the Jocoyole chapel and acquired the Jocoyole house. Ignacio Romo González (1979-1984). He built the house where the priests now live, with the help of Father Jesús Cuellar he remodeled the church and built the court. He built the clock tower. Luis Rodríguez (1952-1957). Jesús Cuellar (1978-1979). José Vázquez (1979-1981). Francisco Ramírez (1981-1983). José Tahuahua C. (1983-1985). Juan Rodrigo Lira Reyes (1987-1989). Luis Javier Muñoz (1989-1990).Marco Antonio Alejo (1990). Jesús Martínez (1984-1989). He built the worship halls, put the quarry stone on the columns, bought the lamps and new pews. Juan Ramón Muñoz Muñoz (1989). Juan Corona Rosales (1990). In 1979 an obelisk was built in front of the parish church, and a public clock was placed on top of it. A group of enthusiastic people supported by some people living in the United States, were the ones who initiated the construction of this work, which in a short time has already become the musical box of the whole community and also the pride of all Tlachichilenses. The predominant religion is catholic, the priestly influence is fundamental, whether in the material works of common benefit or in the works of religious character. From this point of view the participation of the clergy has been positive for the development of the community. Religious political control in some cases has created fanaticism; in others it has fostered unity. The temple where religion is preached has the category of parish, has a parish priest and a vicar, the patron saint of the parishioners is San Agustín and his religious feast is on August 28, although due to the work in the fields, the pro-pastoral feast is held on September 28 of each year. Although some of their absent children are at work in the United States or elsewhere, they try to come to these festivities, which for them and for us is the best thing we have in Tlachichila. Some of the legends of Tlachichila tell us the following: On a certain occasion some merchants arrived in Tlachichila who were dedicated to the sale of images of saints. By orders of the landowner's wife they were lodged with great care in the hacienda. After dinner, and before they retired to sleep, the lady asked if by any chance they had an image of St. Augustine; they answered in the negative, promising to look for it and give notice immediately. The next day, very early in the morning, the lady sent for the merchants to have breakfast, but they had already left. And to everyone's surprise, they left in the room where they slept the image of San Agustín, which today is venerated in Tlachichila.Another version is the following: One day a mule arrived in town with a great load, the patient and noble animal stopped in front of a house, there it stayed for a long time, until the owner of the house passed it to the corral, while the owner appeared. Long hours passed and as the owner of the mule did not arrive, they lowered the load that contained the image of San Agustín, which is the same one that is in the temple.The municipal delegates of Tlachcihila were and are: Juan GutiérrezJesus Oropeza Felipe Oropeza José MartínezApolinar MuñozRogelio RuizRuben EsparzaJosé BarbaNicolás Olmos MedinaAdolfo VillavicencioGerardo GonzalezJuan José EsparzaIsaías Rubalcaba (Pepe)Jesús ZavalaJosé Vallín MuñozFernando Avelar Initially, the school was the privilege of the hacienda owners, who had it located in front of the new hacienda, next to what today is the main square. It was not until 1921 when the first government school appeared as a result of a presidential decree in 1911 authorizing the establishment of rudimentary schools throughout the country. It was a school to teach reading, writing and accounting, and was located in private homes until the school building was founded. María Murillo is one of the teachers who is still remembered. She was one more victim of the Cristero revolution, assassinated in Huanusco, Zac. It was not until 1931 that a rural school resurfaced with a more solid foundation. And it re-emerges with the principles of the recently emerged Mexican Rural School of 1925. On this date a classroom located at Vicente Guerrero Street #6 was officially used as a school building. Soon this room was not enough, due to the growing school demand, and so private homes continued to help the then insipient Rural School. Education has traditionally been transmitted orally from parents to children. With the total union of the neighborhood, Mr. J. Guadalupe García, proxy of the villagrana ladies, obtained the donations of the land where the school building is currently built. That took place in 1933. With the cooperation of all the neighbors, with the cooperation of the teachers Maria Mercedes Angulo and Maclovia Casillas. At that time some base-ball sports events were held, competing with ninth graders from neighboring ranches, as well as high profile festivals were held with the staging of the plays "After the Death of Manuel Othón", "Tierra y Libertad" by Ricardo Flores Magón, "En la hacienda" and others recommended by the Secretary of Public Education. The Kindergarten was instituted in this community in 1972, with the collaboration of all the inhabitants, they founded this institution in front of the temple of San Agustin in the town square, Vicente Guerrero Street # 12. With the collaboration of everyone they were able to establish an institution with its own premises and a prepared educator. Don Rogelio Ruiz donated the land for this institution and in 1985 it began to function with a group of children of 3-4 years old, another with a group of 4-5 years old and the last one with a group of 4-6 years old. The benefits began to be felt from the beginning, since the children, when they reach elementary school, are more developed and their education is more advanced. There have been 16 generations since we started working double shifts. An average of 50 students per generation. Currently the school has 15 teachers for the two shifts. In 1977 the Ministry of Public Education elaborated a program to provide a solution to the educational demands of our country. The program was called the national education plan, and after a qualitative analysis of the educational situation, five objectives were discussed, which according to the property of each one, would be covered in a period of five years, that is, from 1978-1982. The first objective, which seeks to ensure basic education for the entire population, specifically proposed to provide complete secondary education to all primary school graduates by 1982. As far as this zone is concerned, the objective will be achieved one year later than planned. It can be said that this educational physical and social infrastructure service comes in time to renew a tired and lacking Sec. Actual service thus opening nine perspectives and giving confidence to more marginalized Mexicans. To carry out this educational task at a national level, it was necessary to link efforts with other development sectors, so the federal government, through the unique development agreement (CAU), has authorized an agreement with the amount of $14,515,000.00 for the construction of the building and school annexes in its first stage. In Tlachichila they work a lot in agriculture, the farmers always with their ox teams, and others with their tractors have tried to make sure that their work is well used. No one person in particular has contributed to the improvement of the town. All the communities have participated. The forms of agriculture are unfortunately rickety, since few products are grown: beans are the basis of our food, corn that complements our food are the most cultivated, squash is grown very little. Beans and chickpeas, unfortunately, are scarce in the fallow land where they are grown. Livestock has not been developed in this community and only a few families have some animals to support their economic balance. (en)
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