| dbo:abstract
|
- Texas House Bill 588, commonly referred to as the "Top 10% Rule", is a Texas law passed in 1997. It was signed into law by then governor George W. Bush on May 20, 1997. The law guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top ten percent of their high school class automatic admission to all state-funded universities. The bill was created as a means to avoid the stipulations from the Hopwood v. Texas appeals court case banning the use of affirmative action. The Supreme Court ruled in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) that affirmative action in college admissions was permissible, effectively overruling Hopwood. UT Austin then reinstated affirmative action for the seats not filled by the Top Ten Percent law. The law only guarantees admission into university. Students must still find the means to pay, and may not achieve their desired choice of major. (Another existing law, which preceded 588, provides a full tuition scholarship for the class valedictorian of a Texas high school for their freshman year at a state public school.) The Texas "Top 10% Plan" is a transition from a race based policy known as affirmative action. Under a policy such as Texas' Top 10% plan, it is believed that student enrollment for minority students specifically would follow a mismatch hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that the rates of minority students graduation and retention would improve under the newly established plan in opposition to affirmative action. This mismatch theory would be a result of students finding a university that is a better match for them academically, rather than overreaching and becoming overshadowed. The law has drawn praise and criticism alike. Supporters of the rule argue that it ensures geographic and ethnic diversity in public universities. They also point out that students admitted under the legislation performed better in college than their counterparts. The law has been blamed for keeping students not in the top ten percent but with other credentials, such as high SAT scores or leadership and extracurricular experience, out of the larger "flagship" state universities, such as the University of Texas at Austin and Texas A&M University, College Station. UT-Austin has argued for several years that the law has come to account for too many of its entering students, with 81 percent of the 2008 freshmen having enrolled under it. Some administrators, such as former University of Texas at Austin President Larry Faulkner, have advocated capping the number of top ten percent students for any year at one half of the incoming class. Others have suggested a move to a top 7 percent law. However, until May 2009 the Texas Legislature had not revised the law in any way since its inception. A 2007 measure (HB78) was introduced during the 80th Regular Session (2007) but never made it out of committee. Under legislation approved in May 2009 by the Texas House as part of the 81st Regular Session (Senate Bill 175), UT-Austin (but no other state universities) was allowed to trim the number of students it accepts under the 10 percent rule; UT-Austin could limit those students to 75 percent of entering in-state freshmen from Texas. The University would admit the top 1 percent, the top 2 percent and so forth until the cap is reached, beginning with the 2011 entering class. UT System Chancellor Francisco Cigarroa and UT-Austin President William Powers Jr. had sought a cap of about 50 percent, but lawmakers (led by Representatives Dan Branch (R-Dallas) and Rep. Mike Villarreal (D-San Antonio)) brokered the compromise. A study in 2011 found that the law created a strategic incentive for students to transfer to a high school with lower-achieving peers, in order to graduate in that school's top decile. (en)
- 百分之十规定（Top 10% Rule；Texas House Bill 588），官方名为众议院588号法案，是美国德克萨斯州1997年通过的法律。此法律规定高中成绩为最高百分之十之内的学生自动获得州立大学的录取。 在美国南部的种族隔离结束之后，德克萨斯州大学在录取时扶植黑人学生以获得校园的多样性。这不断受到成绩较高的白人学生的挑战。在Hopwood诉德克萨斯案中，以种族因素决定是否录取的扶植行动被判决为非法，之后这个法案被提出以取代有种族因素的录取标准。 这个法案有不少争议。支持者认为它保证了学生团体的多样性，采用这个条款的学校表现要比不采用这个条款的学校要好 。但是这个法案也使得一些在其他方面优秀的学生不能被旗舰学校自动录取。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校多年来一直主张依照这个法律规定录取的学生过多（2008年为81%）德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校前校长Larry Faulkner建议给按照此法律录取的学生一半的生源配额，一些其他的教育者建议将百分比降低。但直到2009年为止德州议院都没有对法律做任何更改。 第81届德州议院在2009年5月批准了德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校关于削减此法律录取的学生的生源的法案，德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校将首先录取成绩在最高1%的学生，然后是最高2%的学生，如此类推，直到按照本法案录取的学生达到75%的新生配额。德州大学系统的校监Francisco G. Cigarroa和德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校校长William C. Powers要求的是50%的配额，但是Dan Branch（R-Dallas）和Mike Villarreal（D-San Antonio）议员领导议员们达成了妥协。 Julie Berry Cullen领导的一项研究认为这个法律产生了一个不合理的奖励，学生会倾向于转学到一个成绩较差的学校以增加进入成绩最高百分之十的机会。 (zh)
|
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink
| |
| dbo:wikiPageID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageLength
|
- 6660 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
|
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID
| |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
| |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate
| |
| dcterms:subject
| |
| gold:hypernym
| |
| rdf:type
| |
| rdfs:comment
|
- Texas House Bill 588, commonly referred to as the "Top 10% Rule", is a Texas law passed in 1997. It was signed into law by then governor George W. Bush on May 20, 1997. The law guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top ten percent of their high school class automatic admission to all state-funded universities. The bill was created as a means to avoid the stipulations from the Hopwood v. Texas appeals court case banning the use of affirmative action. The Supreme Court ruled in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) that affirmative action in college admissions was permissible, effectively overruling Hopwood. UT Austin then reinstated affirmative action for the seats not filled by the Top Ten Percent law. (en)
- 百分之十规定（Top 10% Rule；Texas House Bill 588），官方名为众议院588号法案，是美国德克萨斯州1997年通过的法律。此法律规定高中成绩为最高百分之十之内的学生自动获得州立大学的录取。 在美国南部的种族隔离结束之后，德克萨斯州大学在录取时扶植黑人学生以获得校园的多样性。这不断受到成绩较高的白人学生的挑战。在Hopwood诉德克萨斯案中，以种族因素决定是否录取的扶植行动被判决为非法，之后这个法案被提出以取代有种族因素的录取标准。 这个法案有不少争议。支持者认为它保证了学生团体的多样性，采用这个条款的学校表现要比不采用这个条款的学校要好 。但是这个法案也使得一些在其他方面优秀的学生不能被旗舰学校自动录取。德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校多年来一直主张依照这个法律规定录取的学生过多（2008年为81%）德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校前校长Larry Faulkner建议给按照此法律录取的学生一半的生源配额，一些其他的教育者建议将百分比降低。但直到2009年为止德州议院都没有对法律做任何更改。 Julie Berry Cullen领导的一项研究认为这个法律产生了一个不合理的奖励，学生会倾向于转学到一个成绩较差的学校以增加进入成绩最高百分之十的机会。 (zh)
|
| rdfs:label
|
- Texas House Bill 588 (en)
- 百分之十规定 (zh)
|
| owl:sameAs
| |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom
| |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf
| |
| is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates
of | |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects
of | |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink
of | |
| is foaf:primaryTopic
of | |
