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The Factories Act 1847, also known as the Ten Hours Act was a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which restricted the working hours of women and young persons (13-18) in textile mills to 10 hours per day. The practicalities of running a textile mill were such that the Act should have effectively set the same limit on the working hours of adult male mill-workers, but defective drafting meant that a subsequent Factory Act in 1850 imposing tighter restrictions on the hours within which women and young persons could work was needed to bring this about. With this slight qualification, the Act of 1847 was the culmination of a campaign lasting almost fifteen years to bring in a 'Ten Hours Bill'; a great Radical cause of the period. Richard Oastler was a prominent and early advocate; the most famous

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  • Die Zehnstundenbill (englisch Factory Act of 1847, auch Ten Hours Act) war ein 1847 vom Parlament des Vereinigten Königreichs beschlossenes Gesetz, welches die Arbeitszeit von Frauen sowie Jugendlichen im Alter von dreizehn bis achtzehn Jahren auf 10 Stunden pro Werktag und 8 Stunden samstags begrenzte. Der Sonntag wurde für die betroffenen Personen zum arbeitsfreien Tag. Die Verabschiedung des Gesetzes war der Höhepunkt einer 15 Jahre andauernden Kontroverse. Zu einem frühen Verfechter der Idee gehört Richard Oastler, welcher den konservativen Tories angehörte. Das bekannteste Parlamentsmitglied, welches sich unermüdlich für die Verabschiedung der Zehnstundenbill engagierte, war Lord Ashley, wobei dieser zum Zeitpunkt der Gesetzgebung kein Abgeordneter war. Der letztliche Erfolg war nicht zuletzt auch Leuten wie und wohlwollenden Fabrikbesitzern wie zu verdanken. Letzterer brachte das Gesetz durch das britische Unterhaus. Die Zehnstundenbill wurde kurz nach der Absetzung der konservativen Regierung Robert Peels verabschiedet. Die größten Gegner des Gesetzes waren die free trade-Liberalen um John Bright. Dieselben Wirtschaftsideen, aufgrund derer sie Zollschranken ablehnten, führten sie zu der Überzeugung, die Regierung dürfe die Bedingungen, unter denen ein Mann seine Arbeit verkauft, nicht limitieren. (de)
  • The Factories Act 1847, also known as the Ten Hours Act was a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which restricted the working hours of women and young persons (13-18) in textile mills to 10 hours per day. The practicalities of running a textile mill were such that the Act should have effectively set the same limit on the working hours of adult male mill-workers, but defective drafting meant that a subsequent Factory Act in 1850 imposing tighter restrictions on the hours within which women and young persons could work was needed to bring this about. With this slight qualification, the Act of 1847 was the culmination of a campaign lasting almost fifteen years to bring in a 'Ten Hours Bill'; a great Radical cause of the period. Richard Oastler was a prominent and early advocate; the most famous Parliamentarian involved was Lord Ashley who campaigned long and tirelessly on the issue (although he was not an MP in the session when the Act was passed), but the eventual success owed much to the mobilisation of support among the mill-workers by organisers such as John Doherty and sympathetic mill-owners such as John Fielden, MP who piloted the Act through the Commons. The 1847 Act was passed soon after the fall from power of Sir Robert Peel's Conservative government, but the fiercest opponents of all ten-hour bills were the 'free trade' Liberals such as John Bright; the economic doctrines that led them to object to artificial tariff barriers also led them to object to government restricting the terms on which a man might sell his labour, and to extend that objection to women and young peoples. Karl Marx, speaking at the International Workingmen's Association meeting in November 1864 said of it "This struggle about the legal restriction of the hours of labour raged more fiercely since; apart from avarice, it told indeed upon the great contest between the blind rule of the supply and demand laws which form the political economy of the middle class, a social production subjected to a foreseeing social control which forms the political economy of the working class. Hence the Ten Hours’ Bill was not only a great practical success; it was the victory of a principle; it was the first time that in broad daylight the political economy of the middle class succumbed ignominiously, ludicrously, before the political economy of the working class". (en)
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  • Die Zehnstundenbill (englisch Factory Act of 1847, auch Ten Hours Act) war ein 1847 vom Parlament des Vereinigten Königreichs beschlossenes Gesetz, welches die Arbeitszeit von Frauen sowie Jugendlichen im Alter von dreizehn bis achtzehn Jahren auf 10 Stunden pro Werktag und 8 Stunden samstags begrenzte. Der Sonntag wurde für die betroffenen Personen zum arbeitsfreien Tag. Die Verabschiedung des Gesetzes war der Höhepunkt einer 15 Jahre andauernden Kontroverse. Zu einem frühen Verfechter der Idee gehört Richard Oastler, welcher den konservativen Tories angehörte. Das bekannteste Parlamentsmitglied, welches sich unermüdlich für die Verabschiedung der Zehnstundenbill engagierte, war Lord Ashley, wobei dieser zum Zeitpunkt der Gesetzgebung kein Abgeordneter war. Der letztliche Erfolg war nicht (de)
  • The Factories Act 1847, also known as the Ten Hours Act was a United Kingdom Act of Parliament which restricted the working hours of women and young persons (13-18) in textile mills to 10 hours per day. The practicalities of running a textile mill were such that the Act should have effectively set the same limit on the working hours of adult male mill-workers, but defective drafting meant that a subsequent Factory Act in 1850 imposing tighter restrictions on the hours within which women and young persons could work was needed to bring this about. With this slight qualification, the Act of 1847 was the culmination of a campaign lasting almost fifteen years to bring in a 'Ten Hours Bill'; a great Radical cause of the period. Richard Oastler was a prominent and early advocate; the most famous (en)
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  • Zehnstundenbill (de)
  • Factories Act 1847 (en)
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